Neural Tube Defects
Syrinx
Chiari & Posterior Fossa
100
Tuft of hair over the lower back with no sac. Diagnosis?
Spina bifida occulta
100
Hydromyelia
Dilated central canal lined by ependyma.
100
Which Chiari type is associated with spina bifida and hydrocephalus?
Chiari II
200
Myelomeningocele
200
MRI shows a cervical cord cavity. Pathology says: “No ependymal cells here.” Diagnosis?
Syringomyelia
200
The cerebellar tonsils are heading south through the foramen magnum. What phenomenon is occurring?
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
300
A 2-day-old infant born to a mother who did not receive prenatal care presents with a cystic, fluctuant mass over the lumbosacral region. Transillumination of the mass is positive. An MRI reveals herniation of the leptomeninges through a vertebral arch defect, but the spinal cord and cauda equina remain entirely confined within the spinal canal.
Which of the following features most accurately characterizes this infant's condition compared to a condition where the neural placode is exposed to the external environment?
A) Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) is absent during pregnancy.
B) The defect is universally associated with a Chiari II malformation and hydrocephalus.
C) Lower extremity motor and sensory functions are typically preserved.
D) The lesion arises from a failure of anterior neuropore closure during the 4th week of development.
300
Same cavity, new address: it has escaped the spinal cord and reached the medulla. New name?
Syringobulbia
300
What is Dandy-Walker malformation? IN 5 words
Enlarged posterior fossa, absent vermis.
400
“Tonsils where they shouldn’t be” , this congenital hindbrain malformation caused Mohammed’s C2–C8 syrinx.
What is Chiari I malformation?