Taxing Power
This case invalidated a tax on companies using child labor.
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (Child Labor Tax Case)
This case held that Congress’s spending power is tied to the “general welfare,” not other enumerated powers.
United States v. Butler
This branch has the power to declare war.
Congress
This case invalidated Truman’s steel seizure.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
This case rejected absolute executive privilege in response to a criminal subpoena.
United States v. Nixon
This case upheld a federal tax on gambling despite regulatory motives.
United States v. Kahriger
This case upheld conditioning federal highway funds on a 21 drinking age.
South Dakota v. Dole
This case held treaties can expand federal power beyond enumerated powers.
Missouri v. Holland
This justice created the three-category framework for executive power.
Jackson
This doctrine protects confidential presidential communications from disclosure.
Executive privilege
This case upheld the individual mandate as a valid exercise of the taxing power.
NFIB v. Sebelius
This phrase describes the requirement that spending conditions relate to the purpose of the program.
Germaneness (accept: Relatedness)
This doctrine prohibits Congress from forcing states to legislate.
Anti-commandeering
This category describes presidential power at its lowest ebb.
Category 3
This recent case recognized broad immunity from criminal prosecution for official presidential acts.
Trump v. United States
This concept explains why the tax in the Child Labor Tax Case was unconstitutional.
Tax vs. penalty (accept: Penalty)
This phrase describes when federal financial pressure leaves states with no real choice.
Coercion
This case struck down a law requiring states to take title to radioactive waste.
New York v. United States
This case is associated with broad foreign affairs power.
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
This case held that a sitting president has no immunity from civil litigation for unofficial conduct.
Clinton v. Jones
This feature of the individual mandate helped the Court treat it as a tax rather than a penalty.
Non-coercive (accept: Revenue-raising / IRS collection / No criminal punishment)
This specific federal program was at issue when the Court found a spending condition unconstitutional in NFIB v. Sebelius.
Medicaid (accept: Medicaid expansion)
This case held Congress cannot require state officers to enforce federal law.
Printz v. United States
This case upheld presidential settlement of foreign claims during the Iran crisis.
Dames & Moore v. Regan
This case established absolute immunity from civil damages for official presidential acts.
Nixon v. Fitzgerald