Precontact Native America
This complex Mississippian center near modern St. Louis featured large earthen mounds and a populous urban core.
What is Cahokia?
Seeking an all-water route to Asia, this Genoese sailor reached the Caribbean in 1492 under the Spanish flag
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Founded by Puritans, this region emphasized town life, congregational churches, and mixed subsistence economies.
What is New England?
ritain’s new imperial policy after 1763 aimed to recoup costs of this war.
What is the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War)?
First national frame of government emphasizing state sovereignty and a weak central authority.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
These cliff-dwelling peoples of the Southwest developed advanced irrigation for maize cultivation.
Who are the Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi)?
Claimed the Mississippi Valley for France and named it “Louisiana.”
Who is Robert de La Salle?
Ethnically diverse and grain-exporting, this region included New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
What are the Middle (mid-Atlantic) colonies?
Parliament’s direct tax on printed materials in the colonies that sparked widespread protest and the cry of “no taxation without representation.”
What is the Stamp Act?
1786–87 Massachusetts uprising that exposed federal weakness and spurred calls for constitutional reform.
What is Shays’ Rebellion?
This northeastern confederacy used a Great Law of Peace to govern multiple nations before European contact
the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy?
English joint-stock colony saved by tobacco as a cash crop after a deadly “starving time.”
What is Jamestown?
Long-growing seasons and staple crops like rice and tobacco defined this region’s plantation economy
What are the Southern colonies?
Pamphleteer who argued for independence and republican government in 1776.
Who is Thomas Paine?
Compromise that created a bicameral legislature with proportional representation and equal state representation.
What is the Great (Connecticut) Compromise?
Plains cultures adopted this animal—reintroduced by the Spanish—to transform mobility, hunting, and warfare.
What is the horse?
This 1494 papal-brokered treaty divided Atlantic exploration spheres between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Transatlantic exchange pattern linking rum, enslaved Africans, and sugar/molasses.
What is the triangular trade?
Turning-point 1777 victory that secured French alliance for the Americans.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
Essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay advocating ratification of the Constitution. Correct response:
What are The Federalist Papers?
Eastern Woodlands societies practiced this land-use pattern combining seasonal mobility with horticulture of the “Three Sisters.”
What is mixed subsistence with slash-and-burn horticulture (corn, beans, squash)?
Early catastrophic Native population losses primarily stemmed from this Old World factor, not warfare.
What are Eurasian diseases (e.g., smallpox)?
This 1730s–1740s movement democratized religion and undermined deference through itinerant preaching and revivalism.
What is the First Great Awakening?
Enlightenment principle asserting government by consent and the right to alter or abolish unjust rule.
What is popular sovereignty (rooted in natural rights/social contract)?
This constitutional arrangement counted a portion of enslaved people for representation and taxation
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?