A subsystem of corrections which include probation and parole.
What is noninstitutional corrections?
100
A punishment philosophy which is would endorse cutting off someone's hand for stealing a loaf of bread.
What is lex talionis?
100
The type of deterrence that occurs when the punishment of an individual serves as an example to others who might be thinking of committing a crime.
What is general deterrence?
100
The primary goal of diversion.
What is rehabilitation?
200
All the various aspects of the pretrial and post-conviction management of individuals accused or convicted of crimes.
What is the definition of corrections?
200
The reformer who was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Who is Sanford Bates?
200
The goal of sentencing that argues that offenders are morally blameworthy and deserving of punishment.
What is just deserts?
200
The conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under supervision.
What is probation?
300
The approximate number of adults currently under correctional control (given as a fraction).
What is 1 in 37?
300
They were unsanitary, floating prison ships
What are hulks?
300
Factors that are taken into account when determining sentencing severity under presumptive sentencing guidelines.
What is criminal history score and seriousness of the current offense?
300
The reversion of an offender to criminal behavior after he or she has been convicted of a prior offense, sentenced, and (presumably) corrected.
What is recidivism?
400
Identifying "what works" in corrections by examining scientific evidence.
What is evidence-based corrections?
400
Another name for the pleasure-pain principle which was developed by Jeremy Bentham.
What is hedonistic calculus?
400
The type of sentencing where a judge gives an offender a minimum and maximum sentence and a parole board determines the prisoner's release date.
What is indeterminate sentencing?
400
The type of offenders for which we should provide intensive treatment, based on the principles of effective rehabilitation.
What are high-risk offenders?
500
The first years since 1972 that saw a decline in the correctional population.
What is 2010?
500
The two elements that fueled the development of prisons.
What is 1) a philosophical shift away from punishing the body toward punishing the soul, and 2) passage of laws preventing the imprisonment of anyone except criminals.
500
The two Supreme Court cases that made federal sentencing guidelines no longer mandatory.
What are United States v. Booker and United States v. Fanfan?
500
The two strategies that, when combined, have shown to be effective at reducing recidivism for probationers.