Terms #1
A punitive penalty ordered by the court after a defendant has been convicted of a crime is called this.
What is a sentence?
These were developed originally as a primary means of holding the accused for trial, for execution, or in lieu of a fine.
This group is most likely to be victimized by both staff and inmates in both prisons and jails.
Who are LGBTQ+ inmates?
A sentence in which two or more sentences must be served one at a time.
What is a consecutive sentence?
A prison sentence imposed for crimes for which probation is not an option, where the minimum time to be served is set by law.
What is a mandatory sentence?
This act sought to improve criminal justice outcomes such as reducing the federal prison population and creating rehabilitative mechanisms to maintain public safety.
What is the First Step Act?
This is a three strikes and you're out statute.
What is a habitual offender statute?
This is a moral concept says people must be treated in ways consistent with norms of fairness and in accordance with that they justly deserve by virtue of their behavior.
What is justice?
This occurs when the number of inmates exceeds the physical capacity available.
What is overcrowding?
This allows a person directly affected by a crime to inform the court of the personal and emotional harm they have suffered as a result of the defendant's actions.
What is a victim impact statement?
A sentence in which two separate sentences are served at the same time.
What is a concurrent sentence?
These types of courts are alternatives to traditional criminal courts that cannot adequately address the problems of offenders with special needs and other issues.
What are specialty courts?
This act increased the amount of crack cocaine subject to a 5-year minimum sentence to 28 grams.
What is the Fair Sentencing Act?
A sentence in which the actual number of years a person may serve is not fixed but rather a range of years.
What is an indeterminate sentence?
This act mandated that the BJS collect data on sexual assaults in adult and juvenile jails and prisons and that they identify facilities with high levels of victimization.
What is the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003?
This commission was charged with the task of creating mandatory sentencing guidelines to rein in judicial discretion.
What is the U.S. Sentencing Commission?
Laws that require that there be a truthful, realistic connection between the sentences imposed on offenders and the time they actually serve.
What are truth-in-sentencing laws?
A type of sentence that is used to shock offenders into going straight.
What is shock probation?
This is the most common form of problem-solving courts in the U.S.
What is drug court?
A sentence in which the convicted individuals are given a fixed number of years they must serve rather than a range.
What is determinate sentencing?
This occurs when there is a wide variation in sentences received by different offenders.
What is sentencing disparity?
This provides comparable pay and benefits to those who work in the jail with those who work on the streets as law enforcement.
What is coequal staffing?
These are forms containing scales with a set of rules for numerically computing sentences that offenders should receive on the basis of the crimes they committed and on their criminal records.
What are sentencing guidelines?
Sentences that require felons to serve brief periods of confinement in a county jail prior to probation placement.
What is a split sentence?
These types of jails are devised so that programming provided on the outside does not end at the jailhouse door.
What are community jails?