Rates, Ratios, & Proportions
The rate at which new events occur in a population over time.
Incidence rate
What is term for the assumption that there is no effect or difference between groups?
Null hypothesis
What does it mean if the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.8
Strong positive correlation, both variable increase and decrease together.
The number occurring most frequently in set or distribution of numbers
Mode
What is the measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time
Rate
◦All cases or deaths from a health outcome at a particular point-in-time relative to a specific population of the cases
Point prevalence
A small p-value means:
That the observed association is unlikely if the null hypothesis is true, leading us to reject the null hypothesis
Used to compare the means of three or more groups by analyzing variance
ANOVA (analysis of variance)
This term describes the degree of variability in a set of numbers
Variance
An older population can pull the crude mortality rate upward, even when age-specific mortality rates are identical
True
What is the relative magnitude of two quantities or a comparison of any two values?
Ratio
This is the ability of a study to demonstrate an association if one exists.
Power
Which type of statistical test is appropriate to compares two sample means?
T-Test
This type of graph identifies relationships or correlations between two numerical variables.
Scatter plot
The process of separating data into subgroups based on the characteristic we are interested in
Stratification
Type of incidence proportion used when the occurrence o disease among a population at risk increases greatly over a short period of time.
Attack rate
Define a 95% confidence interval
The true parameter will be contained in the CI 95% of the time (i.e. if you run the test 100 times, the CI will contain the true value in 95% of the time)
What is the appropriate statistical test to evaluate a linear association between 2 variables?
Pearson correlation coefficient (r)
This number represents the middle 50% of values.
Interquartile range
The median and mean are not the same value in this distribution.
Skewed distribution
Number of deaths within a population due to a specific disease or cause divided by the total number of deaths in population (multiplied by 100)
Proportional mortality ratio (PMR) %
If a 95% confidence interval is wide (imprecise) how can one narrow the confidence interval to make it more precise?
Increase the sample size
This type of T-Test is not direction specific and has the α (0.05) is split between both ends.
Two-tailed T-Test
This provides a range of values where the true value lies.
Interval estimate/Confidence interval
Provides a measure of lethality for disease
Case fatality rate