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What is cardiac arrest?
A condition in which the heart has stopped or beats too ineffectively to generate a pulse
Ending care of an ill or injured person without that person’s consent or without ensuring that someone with equal or greater training will continue that care.
Abandonment
What is the difference between respiratory distress and respiratory arrest?
Respiratory distress is a condition in which breathing is difficult whereas in respiratory arrest breathing is stopped.
For single rescuer CPR on an infant, the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio is:
30:2
Where should you check for a pulse on an adult or child? An infant?
Same side carotid
Brachial
You notice that a child looks panicked and cannot cough, speak, or breathe. What life threatening condition could the child be experiencing? What do you do?
Choking: start by providing 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts until the item is dislodged or the child becomes unconscious
Protecting a victim’s privacy by not revealing any personal information learned about a victim except to law enforcement personnel or emergency medical services personnel caring for the victim.
Confidentiality
When do you perform rescue breathing?
When a patient is not breathing but has a pulse
What is a myocardial infarction?
Heart attack -- caused by lack of oxygenated blood to the heart
What are the three methods for opening the airway?
Head tilt chin lift
Jaw thrust without head tilt
Jaw thrust with head tilt
What are the five steps in the adult chain of survival?
Recognize emergency and call 9-1-1
Early CPR
Early Defibrillation
Advanced Life Support
Integrated Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
A legal responsibility of certain people to provide a reasonable standard of emergency care; may be required by case law, statute or job description
Duty to act
What is the ventilation rate for rescue breathing for an adult? What about an infant?
one breath every 5-6 seconds for an adult, one breath every 3 seconds for an infant
Each minute that CPR and defibrillation is delayed reduces the chance of survival of a sudden cardiac arrest victim by how much?
10%
If a patient is unresponsive and you have summoned EMS personnel, what should you do next?
Open the airway and check for breathing and pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds
What are the five steps of the pediatric chain of survival?
Injury prevention and safety
Early CPR
Early Emergency Care
Pediatric Advanced Life Support
Integrated Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
Permission to provide care given by an ill or injured person to a rescuer
Consent
When providing rescue breaths, how often should you stop and reassess the patient?
Every 2 minutes
What is the major change that occurs when you perform 2-rescuer CPR on a child or infant compared to single-rescuer CPR?
Ratio changes from 30:2 to 15:2
Identify 4 components of the scene size up
Scene safety
PPE
Number of victims
Nature of illness
Initial impression
Need for additional resources
About how often should you stop to check for signs of life when performing CPR on an adult?
CPR should not be interrupted or stopped until an AED is ready to use, another trained responder takes over or you see obvious signs of life
The declination of care by a victim; the victim has the right to refuse the care of anyone who responds to an emergency.
Refusal of care
What is the difference between a mechanical airway obstruction and an anatomical airway obstruction?
Mechanical obstruction – Complete or partial blockage of the airway by a foreign object, such as a piece of food or a small toy, or by fluids, such as vomit or blood.
Anatomical airway obstruction – Complete or partial blockage of the airway by the tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth or throat.
Identify the following:
Correct compression rate
Correct compression depth for an adult
Correct compression depth for a child
Correct compression depth for an infant
100-120 cpm
2-2.4 inches
2 inches
1.5 inches
What are agonal breaths? What condition can they indicate?
Isolated or infrequent gasping in the absence of other breathing in an unresponsive person that may be a sign of cardiac arrest?