Colonialism and Criminal Justice
What inquiry investigated Aboriginal deaths in custody between 1987 and 1991?
Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC).
What percentage of female inmates in Australian prisons are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?
Approximately 33%
What Closing the Gap target aims to reduce Indigenous incarceration by 2031?
Reduce Indigenous adult incarceration by at least 15%.
What culturally appropriate sentencing process involves Elders, victims and offenders discussing a suitable sentence?
Circle Sentencing.
Which Australian Aboriginal community have we studied in Criminal Justice?
Awabakal Community.
What term describes when a group appears in higher numbers in a system than expected based on their population size?
Over-representation.
What percentage of detainees in the Northern Territory juvenile justice system are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?
100%
What role do Aboriginal Community Liaison Officers (ACLOs) perform?
Improve communication and relationships between police and Aboriginal communities.
What specialist court includes Aboriginal Elders and community representatives in the sentencing process?
Koori Court.
Which international Indigenous community have we studied in Criminal Justice?
Oglala Lakota Sioux (Pine Ridge Reservation).
What policing practice has been criticised for increasing Indigenous arrests for minor offences?
Over-policing or zero-tolerance policing.
Native Americans are incarcerated at what percentage above the national average?
38% higher.
Which NSW initiative was established in 1997 to address justice issues and underlying causes of Aboriginal involvement in the criminal justice system?
Aboriginal Justice Plan.
What organisation provides legal representation and support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples?
Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS).
Which community uses Circle Sentencing as an initiative to reduce recidivism?
Awabakal Community.
What recommendation of the Royal Commission stated that arrest should be used only as a last resort?
Arrest should be a last resort, particularly for minor offences.
Native American men are incarcerated at how many times the rate of white men?
Four times the rate.
What United States government agency provides law enforcement and detention services on Native American lands?
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).
What Lakota organisation supports children involved in the tribal justice system through volunteer advocacy?
Oglala Lakota Children's Justice Centre.
Which community is supported by organisations such as the National Indian Justice Centre (NIJC) and Oglala Lakota Children's Justice Centre?
Oglala Lakota Sioux.
Name TWO ongoing effects of colonialism that contribute to Indigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system.
Any two: intergenerational trauma, poverty, unemployment, educational disadvantage, racism, over-policing, housing disadvantage.
Native American women are incarcerated at how many times the rate of white women?
Six times the rate.
What branch of the Bureau of Indian Affairs operates or funds tribal courts, law enforcement and detention facilities?
Office of Justice Services (OJS).
What Native American organisation, founded in 1968, advocated for treaty rights, social justice and an end to police harassment?
American Indian Movement (AIM).
Name ONE Indigenous-led initiative from the Awabakal community and ONE Indigenous-led initiative from the Oglala Lakota Sioux community.
Examples: Circle Sentencing + Oglala Lakota Children's Justice Centre; ALS + Cheyenne River Youth Project; Koori Court + AIM.