Vocabulary Chapter 1
Private wrongs for which you can sue the party who wronged you and recover money.
What is Torts?
The idea that the government should be defined and limited by laws.
What is the Rule of Law?
A criminal act triggered by criminal intent (mens rea).
What is Criminal Conduct?
The idea that it's fair and just to punish only people we can blame.
What is Culpability or Blame Worthiness?
How many criteria does a penalty have to reach to be considered criminal punishment?
What is four (4)?
Criminal law created by city and town councils elected by city residents.
What is Munciple codes?
The requirement of courts to resolve every ambiguity in a criminal statute in favor of the defendant.
What is the Rule of Lenity?
A "circumstance" connected to an act, intent, and/or a bad result.
What is an Attendant Circumstances Element?
The general intent to commit the actus reus of a crime plus the intent to cause a criminally harmful result.
What is Specific Intent?
How many criminal codes are there, and why are there so many?
What 52, and one for each state, one for the District of Columbia, and one for the U.S criminal code?
Aims to reduce crime by inflicting the actual punishment to convince offenders to commit crimes in the future.
What is Specific Deterrence?
To have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt "every fact necessary to constitute the crime charged."
What is the Burden of Proof?
Latin for "body of a crime"; it refers to the body of victims in homicides and to the elements of the crime in other crimes.
What is Corpus Delicti?
An event that comes between the initial act in a sequence and the end.
What is Intervening Cause?
How are case citations filed?
What is with numbers, letters, and punctuation?
In most states and the federal government, the two levels of appeals courts: an intermediate court of appeals and a supreme court.
What is Appellate Courts?
Non-verbal actions that communicate ideas and feelings.
What is Expressive Conduct?
The requirements that mental attitudes have to turn into actions for a "crime" to be committed.
What is Manifest Criminality?
Also called "but for" cause or "Cause in fact"; if it weren't for an actor's conduct, the result wouldn't have occurred.
What is Factual Cause?
The number of ex-post facto laws.
What is three (3)?
An opinion that represents the reasoning of the greatest number (but less than a majority) of justices.
What is Plurality Opinion
Aright that requires the government to prove that a compelling interest justifies invading it."
What is the Fundamental Right to Privacy?
The five elements of result crimes.
What are:
Voluntary act, the mental element, circumstantial elements, causation, and a criminal harm.
Conscious creation of a "substantial and unjustifiable" risk of criminal harm.
What is Knowingly?
The elements of a crime.
What is a criminal act, criminal intent, concurrence, attendant circumstances, and criminal conduct caused criminal harm?