Critical Perspective
This perspective focuses on aspects of women's criminality, including the problems that women inmates face in jail and prison
Feminist
Police are most effective at reducing crime when they do this
When they work to address the particular crimes affecting communities and have a good relationship with that community
It is estimated that between 1 percent and 6 percent of all felony convictions are mistaken. These are called this
Wrongful convictions
This US city is considered the epicenter of the so-called crack epidemic
Los Angeles
Jerome H. Skolnick studied this about police officers
Their working personality
Labeling theory adopts a relativist definition of crime by claiming this
Nothing about a given behavior automatically makes it deviant.
Community policing
In this style of policing, police work closely with community groups and residents on various activities designed to reduce crimes
One aspect that slows the adjudication process is this
The heavy caseload of lawyers and judges
The Central Park Five case is considered this
The test of the criminal justice system
This reflects the tensions of crime control in a democratic society
Bonus: who coined these models
crime-control and due process models
Bonus: Packer
This is the major difference between conflict and radical theories on crime
Radical theories are based in Marx’s ideas on economic inequality, while conflict theories are based in Weber’s ideas on status group conflict.
Police spend most of their time doing this
Directing traffic, responding to traffic incidents, and paperwork
True or False: the increased rate use of the death penalty has decreased crime rates
In the 1980s, when Congress was unwilling to fund rebels groups in Central American in their civil wars, top officials in the Reagan administration illegally sold arms to Iran to use the profit to support Anti-communist ____________ rebels in Central American, who in turn were able to smuggle cocaine into the US.
Contra
This person argues that Capitalist societies have higher rates of crime because they promote competition and greed.
Williem Bonger
Labeling theory
The formal labels placed upon convicted criminals increase their chances of recidivism.
Police corruption is said to arise from this type of roots, similar to those motivating brutality
structural
This term is used to describe the US justice system
adversary model
True or False: the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act was based on research, it supported healthcare access for drug users
False
This individual developed the concept of normal crime
David Sudnow
According to Edwin Lemert, just about everyone commits ______(i)______, but it is those who are officially labeled deviants who are most likely to commit ______(ii)_______.
(i) primary deviance; (ii) secondary deviance
This police model emphasizes the importance of Miranda Rights
Due process model
This insisted that crime causes real distress, and thus crime prevention and control are essential.
What impacted the wrongful conviction of the Central Park Five?
The pressure felt by police officers to obtain a quick resolution to the incident.
The unstable political and social climate within New York City.
The boys' families' lack of understanding of their rights and of the legal process
This individual coined the term re-integrative shaming, the type of shaming associated with decreased criminality
John Braithwaite