DNA
What is a "strand" of DNA?
This process involves the removal of introns and the joining together of exons to produce the final mRNA transcript.
RNA processing/splicing
Besides specifying amino acids, some codons also serve as signals for the beginning of translation. What is the term for these codons?
(AUG) Start Codons
What are proteins? Determine the monomer and polymers
Biomolecules
Monomer: Amino Acid
Polymer: Polypeptide
This is a type of genetic mutation that occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence resulting in the alteration of the entire downstream sequence of amino acids.
Frameshift Mutation
In eukaryotic cells, this structure helps organize DNA into tightly packed chromosomes during cell division.
histones
Where is transcription taking place in a eukaryote and prokaryote cell?
Eukaryote: Nucleus
Prokaryote: Cytoplasm
This term refers to the specific site within the ribosome where the growing polypeptide chain is held during translation.
P-site
Which RNA molecule(s) is/are responsible with the creating of polypeptide bonds?
Determine the types of substitution mutation and select which type will be the least detrimental:
1. Missense Mutation
2. Silent Mutation
3. Nonsense Mutation
Silent Mutation is the least detrimental
How do cells make accurate copies of DNA?
The cell has multiple mechanisms to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication. The first mechanism is the use of a DNA polymerase enzyme that can accurately copy long stretches of DNA. The second mechanism would be for the polymerase to catch its own mistakes and correct them. ... DNA is double-stranded.
In prokaryotic cells, this DNA sequence, located upstream of the coding sequence, serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
Promoter
What happens during translation?
In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into an active protein and performs its functions in the cell.
Where does TRANSLATION take place?
In the ribosomes
This type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide change results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.
Missense Mutations
When do cells duplicate their DNA?
interphase
What is the goal of transcription?
The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteins.
Why is translation important?
Translation is very important in the process of making proteins. Without transcription and translation, your body would have no possible way to make proteins, or function. Proteins allow your body to do everything. such as muscle movement and gene expression
What is the first step to make a protein?
transcription
DNA - RNA
How is the A site different than the E site?
The A site is where incoming tRNA binds and delivers its amino acid for peptide bond formation, while the E site is where tRNA exits the ribosome after releasing its amino acid.
What information is coded into DNA?
What are the steps of transcription?
Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
It is a fundamental principle that describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
Provide at least three differences between a DNA and RNA:
Single stranded (RNA) vs. Double stranded(DNA)