Perspectives and Views of the System
This refers to the idea that all parties in the system work together to settle cases, rather than working in an adversarial system.
What is the courtroom work group?
This source of data focuses on individual victimization and household victimization.
What is the NCVS?
In Merton's strain theory, youths who reject conventional goals and choose to live as drug users or alcoholics represent this adaptation.
What is a retreatist?
A term that refers to the legal principle by which an earlier case becomes the standard for future cases.
What is stare decisis?
This type of law focuses on issues between private parties, be they individuals or businesses.
What is civil law?
A perspective on the system that emphasizes individual rights and constitutional safeguards against arbitrary or unfair judicial or administrative proceedings.
What is the due process perspective?
The percent of cases that are settled with a plea bargain.
~90%
This type of deterrence includes the fear of being arrested and punished.
What is general deterrence?
A term which refers to cases that are evil in and of themselves.
What is mala in se?
The element of a crime that refers to the "guilty mind".
What is mens rea?
A view of crime which contends that the definition of crime is subjective, dependent on context, and reflects contemporary values and morals.
What is the interactionist view?
This was intended to supplement the UCR with more detailed information about victim and offender characteristics, and has now entirely replaced the UCR.
What is NIBRS?
This theory of crime prevention focuses on tactics such as increasing the effort to commit a crime, increasing the risk of committing a crime, or reducing the reward for committing a crime.
What is situational crime prevention?
This type of law refers to the functioning of the criminal legal system, and the rules that must be followed as an individual is processed through it.
What is procedural law?
A statutory offense where intent is not necessary for a charge or conviction.
What is a strict liability crime?
A society's ability to control individual behavior to serve the best interests and welfare of the society as a whole.
What is social control?
Police departments and the FBI track crime rates by recording when an offender is arrested and charged with a crime. When this happens, the case is considered this.
What is cleared?
This theory focuses on how crime is learned through operant conditioning.
What is social learning theory?
The Fifth Amendment protects against a number of things, with this being arguable the most famous:
What is protection against self-incrimination (pleading the fifth)?
The element of a crime which refers to voluntary action.
What is actus reus?
The perspective which argues that the true purpose of the criminal justice system is to promote a peaceful and just society, aiming for peacemaking rather than punishment.
What is the restorative justice perspective?
The direction that crime rates moved after the mid-1990s.
This theory focuses on how crime, both the techniques and rationalizations, are learned through close associates.
What is differential association?
This amendment to the constitution protects you against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
A reform to the justice system that focuses on the importance of the democratic process.
What is expanded voting rights?