Parts of the X-ray Machine
Which part of the tube (x-ray machine) produces the electrons to produce the X-rays?
Cathode
Kilovolts
speed of electrons
Tissue most sensitive to radiation
bone marrow and reproductive organs
Otto Walkhoff
first person credited with taking dental radiograph
What is a good landmark when mounting upper bicuspid films?
sinus
Who owns the films?
DDS
Shows TMJ assessment
Shows upper and lower jaw relationships
Lateral view of the skull; bony & soft tissue
Cephalometric
Cone cutting is caused by
Film not being centered in PID
extension arm
positions the tubehead
Radiolucent
shows dark on film, tissue is not dense; allowing large amount of radiation to pass thru
Patient protection includes
lead apron with thyroid collar for all exposures
fast film speed or digital
limit exposures
number of bitewings needed is based off
how many posterior teeth are present and curvature of the arch
What affects processing solutions?
Temperature and how old the solution is
If office does not have a informed consent from patient before taking x-rays...it could be a form of (think law & ethics)
Negligence
Using #1 films on the anterior; how many films make up an FMX?
20
Overlapping is caused by
incorrect horizontal cone placement
prevents weak and unwanted radiation from leaving tube
aluminum filter
latent period
damage that occurs in time lapse between exposure and when processed
decreasing cross contamination in radiology includes
Remove gloves or use overglove/barrier to get anything during the exposure of films or have co worker get it
Make sure all of your supplies are on the tray
_____ films are typically taken during endo procedure
4
How often should solution be changed?
every 3-4 weeks depending on use
According to the ADA's guidelines for prescribing dental x-rays; films on pregnant patients states
procedures don't need to be altered
What shows on bitewings
crowns and interproximal of posterior teeth
used to dignose interproximal decay
to correct elongated film
increase the vertical angle of the PID
When electrons strike the tungstun target how much heat and x-rays are producted?
99% heat 1% x-ray
Cumulative
what makes radiation harmful; builds on what is already present
ALARA concept includes
take good images; limit retakes
keep level of radiation low
minimize number of films needed
NOMAD
brand of commonly used handheld unit
Weak or cold solution will result in
light images
Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a federal law that states
all persons must be trained and licensed/certified to expose dental x-rays
Most common used film size on adult
#2
Black film
prematurely exposing to light
Part of pano machine that has narrow vertical slit to restrict the beam size (just like regular x-rays machine)
Collimator
Radiopaque
shows white on film; density is very thick blocks out radiation
Metal restorations and crowns
Operator protection
6' away from primary beam
dosimeter badges
lead wall, shield or double gypsum wall
when placing film; white side towards the teeth
dot is towards
occlusal or incisal edge
Which films should be mounted first in an FMX?
Bitewints
CA regs
DA or anyone who has taken and passed a board approved course and is licensed
Typically, how many posterior sensor images are taken using the parallel technique?
8
Forshortening occurs from
to high of a vertical angle