MUSCLE TYPES & FUNCTIONS
These are the three (3) types of muscles in the body
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
These are the thin fibers that can either be thick (myosin) or thin (actin) and are responsible for muscle contraction
Myofilaments
This muscle of the neck is superficial and provides lateral flexion and rotation (tilting, turning, and bending the neck)
Sternocleidomastoid
This is the general location of the supinator, pronator teres, and pronator quadratus
Forearm [ulna and/or radius]
These cross two (2) or more joints and can be limited in ability to produce full muscular force when shortened across multiple joints
Multi-Joint Muscles
This skeletal muscle property refers to the ability of muscle to respond to a stimulus
Irritability
These are the two most common skeletal muscle fiber arrangements
Parallel
PennateThis term applies to the coordinated, linked, predictable movement between scapula and humerus
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
This muscle is a triangular, superficial muscle that forms the rounded contour of the shoulder
Deltoid
This is the essential stability provided by active muscular contraction during movement
Dynamic stabilization
This muscle role acts in opposition to that of the mover/agonist
Antagonist
These are the three (3) types of attachments that connect muscle to bone
Direct
via Tendon
Aponeurosis
These three (3) muscles create scapular adduction
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae
These three (3) muscles create elbow flexion
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Name one (1) example of a force couple in the muscular system
Abdominals-Hamstrings
SIT (subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor)
Serratus Anterior-Trapezius
This type of muscle contraction displays no visible movement, meaning the muscle torque and resistance are equal
This is the nerve that carries impulses from the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord) to the effector organ (muscle)
Motor Neuron
These are the four (4) muscles that form a cuff about the head of the humerus
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
This is a wide, superficial back muscle that generates shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, and shoulder internal rotation
Latissimus dorsi
This occurs when a multi-joint muscle is unable to produce full range of motion (ROM) when actively contracting concentrically because it's shortened across two (2) or more joints simultaneously
Active Insufficiency
Which types of muscles are striated?
Skeletal
Cardiac
These are two (2) types of muscle fibers and their characteristics:
Slow-twitch fibers: are smaller in diameter, produce less tension, have a slower contraction time, and have a higher resistance to fatigue
Fast-twitch fibers: are larger in diameter, produce greater force, have a faster contraction time, and a lower resistance to fatigue
These are the five (5) scapular muscles
Trapezius (posterior)
Levator Scapulae (posterior)
Rhomboids (posterior)
Pectoralis minor (anterior)
Serratus anterior (anterior)
This muscle runs along the arm, is deep to the biceps brachii, and is recruited for almost all elbow flexion
Brachialis
When referencing scapulohumeral rhythms, shoulder extension coordinates with scapular ________________ & _____________ ________________
[scapular] adduction
&
downward rotation