Monasticism
Withdrawing from society and living in solitude in a monastery with like-minded men or women.
In the 14th century, he was a teacher at Oxford University in England, who stood up against the Roman Church and translated the first Bible in English. Who was he?
A movement inspired by increased contact with Arab and Byzantine scholars, and by the classical learning of the Greeks and Romans, they were especially taken by the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, dubbed "The Philosopher".
By the middle of the 13th century, the Roman Church had established a special church court with power to inquire about and judge matters of heresy. What was it called?
Wycliffe's followers who suffered great persecution and could not overcome the Roman Church were called:
Who was Augustine?
A Bishop in North Africa who's faith inspired him to pursue intellectual arguments for God.
No one could own a Bible in their own language except for this small copy of the Psalms and a few other passages of Scripture, in this book with the official order of worship in church services. It was called:
The Breviary
Men or women who lived alone in the wilderness were called:
A teacher and dean of the University of Prague, who was burned at the stake for challenging the Roman Church. Who was he?
Who was William of Ockham?
Educated under scholastics at Oxford, he used logic to discredit the doctrine of the pope's absolute supremacy.
Many bought these certificates from the pope that excused a person from doing penance and shortened the required stay in purgatory before going to heaven. What were they called?
Italian monk who founded a monastic order and who wrote up rules for monks to live by.
The followers of John Huss who suffered severe persecution in the form of crusades to eliminate them from the Roman Church. What were they called?
Who was the man who combined Aristotle and Romanism most successfully?
Pope Gregory VII had the vision to restore the power back to the popes. His vision included what three things.
1. that all princes shall kiss the feet of the pope alone.
2. that the pope be permitted to depose emperors.
3. that the pope himself be judged by no one.
1. Starting the school movement.
2. Monks were the medics and developed early hospitals.
3. Copied and preserved most of the important manuscripts of their time and of the ancient works so that we have them today.
4. Created the first musical notation system that was borrowed and further developed by musicians outside of the church.
5. Became entrepreneurs of the Middle Ages and increased productivity in farms and in many businesses.
Groups called by what names courageously made their disagreements with the Roman Church known at various times and various places during the Dark Ages.
Anabaptists, Waldensians, Albigensians
The City of God and Confessions
"Canterbury Tales"
"The Prince"
Became king after his father Henry, in c. 936. He joined forces with the pope. He had the power to appoint the Roman clergy in Germany. This power enabled Otto to gain control of the wealth and power of the German clergy, which strengthed him in order to restrain the dukes. He also defeated the Magyars and pushed Germany's borders farther and farther eastward.