Naphtha Hydrotreating
Catalyst used for all straight-run feed
What is CoMo?
Properties such as cloud point, pour point or cold filter plug point
What are cold flow properties?
This unit benefits from VGO HDT due to nitrogen removal, aromatic saturation and metals removal
What is the FCC?
What is (just need 1):
- Greater flexibility of operation/prod selectivity
- Clean, high quality products
- Better environmentally
- Great total yield of products
An example of a renewable feedstock.
What is (1 is enough) soybean oil, canola oil, palm oil, distiller's corn oil, waste animal fates, used cooking oil?
Feed containing the highest levels of contaminants
What is Coker naphtha?
Process that converts a n-parrafin to a branched iso-parrafin
What is dewaxing?
Needs nitrogen levels below 30-50 wppm before cracking reactions begin
What is mild hydrocracking?
Protects hydrocrackers in case of a runaway reaction
What is an automatic depressuring system?
Contaminants in renewable feedstocks not normally present in hydrocarbon feedstocks
What is oxygen, free fatty acids or phosphorus?
Selective HDS technologies were invented to minimize reduction of this property of gasoline
What is octane?
This is a difficult sulfur that must be removed to make ultra low sulfur diesel
What is di-benzothiophene or DBT?
This unit needs large pore sizes and sees high metal poisoning
What is resid hydrotreating?
This product has a high viscosity index and excellent cold flow properties
What is a Base oil?
This type of catalyst does not work well with renewables due to the poisoning effective of CO
What is CoMo?
The naphtha reactor operates in this phase
What is vapor phase?
Can cause diesel to turn red or green
What is (only 1 is needed)
- lack of N2 removal
- High cracked stocks in feed at high temps
- High temps without enough H2
- Exposure to light or oxygen
- Large PNAs
These feeds can be deceptively difficult to desulfurized based on their properties.
What are once-hydrotreated feeds?
The amount of temperature increase needed to double the hydrocracking rate of reaction
What is 10-15F or 5-10C?
This causes higher temperatures in reactors processing renewable feeds vs hydrocarbon feed
What is the oxygen content of the feed?
This is a sign of mercaptan reversion
What is product sulfur rising with outlet temperature?
Reaction that increases the volume of the product
What is aromatic saturation?
This type of catalyst is better at removing nitrogen
What is NiMo?
These units have vacuum fractionation to make a premium product
What is Base oil or lubes hydrocracking unit?
A corrosion mechanism not typically found in hydrotreaters that is a result of processing renewable feeds.
What is carbonic acid corrosion?