White Rot
Brown rot
Heart and Sap rots.
Management
Other
100
Does white rot maintain pulp properties for less time then brown rots?
What is No
100
Agent(s) of decay for brown rots.
What is exo-cellulase and H2O2 + Fe ions
100
Description of sap rots.
What is decay the sapwood-slash rots
100
scar vs. wound vs. guage
What is fresh vs. healed over vs. going into the stem
100
The structure of wood-cellulose and lignin
What is cellulose for strength (the rebar) and lignin to surround (the concrete around the ribar)
200
The agent(s) that break down wood in white rots.
What is lignase, endo-cellulase, and exo-cellulase
200
Lack of lignase results in what.
What is the need of another agent and lignin remained after all.
200
Invasion of true heart rots is by...
What is no wound necessary as a small terchery in brach is where pathogen goes until end up in heart wood as tree grows around, then woken up by a stress to tree.
200
Management considerations
What is cull grade net factors, decay & tree age, decay of dead and standing, and ony other resources.
200
How is the rate of decay controlled.
What is the production of enzymes because of abundance or low levels of sugar.
300
Term to describe how white rots desolve the lignin first.
What is selective delignification.
300
The purpose of H2O2 and Fe ions.
What is to go through the pores in lignin ato get to cellulase and break the chains in enough areas to relax lignin pores enough for exo-cellulase to make it through.
300
True heart rots have conks on live trees but do they invade slash.
What is never invade slash.
300
Unacceptable tree for free growing
What is wound that goes over a third of the circumfrance or wound greater then 20 percent of length of tree, but scars are ok
300
Rates of decay depend on...
What is Antagonism, toxins, O2, N2, strength of decay fungi, presence of wounds.
400
White rots result in...
What is localized decay with surrounding wood still intact.
400
The trees brown rots effect.
What is conifers, seldom hardwoods
400
Difference between primary and secondary wound invaders.
What is primary need a sterile surface of wound because weak, secondary can have an altered surface because it can "beat past" other colonies.
400
Partial harvest depends on...
What is retention period, tree species, damage type.
400
Host defences to decay.
What is Bark, callousing over wounds, walling off wounded sapwood, toxins, resin, CODIT
500
White rots result in...
What is localized decay with surrounding wood in tact.
500
The results of brown rots.
What is loss of strength, loss of pulp yield, only lignin left.
500
Pattern of how live and dead trees rots.
What is dead rot from outside in, live rot from inside out.
500
Damage Types
What is A: big wound (>1/2 circumfrance), B: serious (>1/3 circumfrance,gouge, root <1m from stem) ), C: moderate (type B plus ... wound >400 cm2), D: moderate (type C plus ... dead/broken top: 3+years or >1m), E: minor (dead/broken top, 1/4 circum., strip 5x80cm, wound 400cm2, gouge, root wound <1m)
500
WHY does cedar have so much decay in the forest.
What is the invasions of non-decay fungi in waves that deactivate toxins. (first sporothix, second special agent K, third various undecay fungi result in low enough amounts of effective toxins that decay fungi can do their thing)
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