Zones of the Ocean
Organisms
Technology
Adaptations
Mystery
100
Which zone is known as the "twilight zone"?
Mesopelagic zone
100
What are 3 benefits of bioluminescence?
Attracting mates or prey, defense mechanism, communicating with other members of the species
100
Why do people want to explore the deep ocean?
To discover new species, find artifacts, natural curiosity
100
What is the function of hemoglobin in tube worms?
Allows the tube worms to have oxygen despite the sulfide from the hydrothermal vents.
100
What is the relationship between depth and atmospheric pressure?
pressure increases with depth
200
What is the only zone with plant life?
Epipelagic zone
200
What organism is the base of life in hydrothermal vents?
Chemosynthetic bacteria
200
If you wanted to create a map of the sea floor, would you use an ROV or an AUV?
AUV
200
How do deep sea organisms adapt to high pressure?
They have compact bodies with no air spaces
200
Where is there more biodiversity, on the deep sea floor or in shallow surface water?
The deep sea floor, because it is home to 1-10 million different species.
300
Which zone makes up 50% of the earth's ocean?
Abyssopelagic zone
300
Why do some mesopelagic organisms migrate?
Because there is more food in the epipelagic zone
300
What are two differences between ROVs and AUVs?
ROV: operated by a human, tethered to a vessel AUV: preprogrammed, free moving, less expensive
300
What is one adaptation mesopelagic organisms have that allow them to travel between zones?
Float bladder, streamlined body, well-developed muscles and bones
300
Who were the scientists that built the Bathysphere?
William Beebe and Otis Barton
400

In which zone would you find hydrothermal vents?

Bathypelagic zone

400
Which zone is home to most organisms and why?
Epipelagic zone. Because there is the most sunlight and food available in this zone.
400
When was the first successful venture to the Deep Sea?
1930
400
What is one adaptation that allows organisms to live in the oxygen minimum layer?
small size, efficient use of oxygen, minimal movements
400
What is the difference between countershading and counterillumination?
Countershading is when an organism uses changes their outer pigmentation to blend in to the surrounding. Counterillumination is a similar technique of camouflage where the organism produces a light to match the color of it's background.
500
Put the following zones in order from highest to deepest: epipelagic, bathypelagic, mesopelagic, hadalpelagic, abyssopelagic
epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadalpelagic
500

Name two organisms found at a hydrothermal vent.

octopus, vent barnacle, bacteria, tubeworms, eels, crabs, etc.

500

Who created the first commercial SCUBA tank?

Jacques Cousteau and Émile Gagnan

500
What is the symbiotic relationship between chemosynthetic bacteria and tube worms?
Bacteria uses the sulfur from the vents to make glucose for the worms. The worms give them oxygen and shelter in return.
500
What are the raw materials and products of bioluminescence?
A chemical in the organism’s body, luciferin, combines with oxygen to create oxyluciferin and light
M
e
n
u