Colonial medicine
This type of injustice describes when indigenous or local healers are denied authority over their own knowledge systems
Epistemic Injustice
This term describes the appropriation of biological resources and traditional knowledge without consent or compensation
Biopiracy
This is the term for a country’s ability to determine its own health priorities free from external control
Health sovereignty
American colonial medicine initially feared this environmental factor before shifting blame onto the local population
The tropical climate
This term describes an economy based on moral obligations and a hierarchy of needs
Moral Economy
Warwick Anderson wrote this book that examined American colonial medicine in the Philippines
Colonial Pathologies
Abimbola argues that local experts can use the foreign gaze strategically for this purpose
To denounce human rights violations or government violence when local voices are being silenced
When colonial governments left, these entities stayed behind and continued resource extraction
Corporations
Filipino resistance to disease was reframed by American colonial medicine as this, used to justify surveillance
Biological reservoirs or germ carriers
Michel Foucault used it to describe how modern states and institutions exercise political control over the biological life, bodies, and populations of citizens.
Biopower
In British East Africa, these underfunded, lower-tier institutions for Indigenous people mainly treated laborers so they could return to work
“Native hospitals”
This Persian physician’s Canon of Medicine was the definitive medical textbook in Europe and the Islamic world for over 600 years
Ibn Sina
This corporation was granted a royal charter in 1600 giving it a monopoly on all trade in the Far East
The British East India Company
This Scottish physician, called the “Father of Tropical Medicine,” helped found the London School of Tropical Medicine
Patrick Manson
in the 1980s, the IMF and World Bank attached these loan conditions, which required cuts to public spending, including healthcare and education
Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)
Foucault argued that modern states exercise power not just through laws and force but through managing this
The health and bodies of populations
This international framework was created to require benefit sharing with communities whose biological resources are used commercially
The Nagoya Protocol
De Beers, Anglo American, and Glencore all extract this type of resource from African nations
Minerals and natural resources
Malaria, plague, and cholera all had long histories in Europe, yet calling them “tropical” erased that past. The slides call this erasure by this name
“Structural Amnesia”
This 1944 conference established the IMF and World Bank to stabilize the global economy after WWII
Bretton Woods Conference
What did eugenics programs use as justification for controlling reproduction in colonized and marginalized populations
Racial inferiority and the need to control “unfit” populations
Created in 1552 by Indigenous scholars in Nahuatl and Latin, this illustrated manuscript is one of the earliest written records of Aztec medicinal plant knowledge
Badianus Manuscript/An Aztec Herba
If global health interventions reflect external priorities rather than local needs, what does that make them regardless of their intentions
A form of neocolonialism
U.S. Army physicians Walter Reed and William Gorgas proved yellow fever was mosquito-borne, which enabled the construction of this waterway
Panama Canal
Paul Farmer’s framework argues that to address poor health outcomes in marginalized communities you must first address this
The structural and historical conditions that produce them