Signs/Symptoms
Prevention/Causes
Diagnostics
Complications
Treatments
100
A 54-year-old patient admitted with type 2 diabetes, asks the nurse what “type 2” means. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. “With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed.” b. “With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is increased.” c. “With type 2 diabetes, the patient is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin.” d. “With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that destroy -cells in the pancreas.”
What is b. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced and/or the cells of the body become resistant to insulin.
100
People with diabetes mellitus type 2 cannot use insulin efficiently because their pancreas can no longer produce insulin. True or False.
False. The pancreas still produces insulin, but either the quantity is insufficient or the body becomes resistant to it.
100
This test measures the circulating glucose level and it requires the patient to fast for at least 4-8hrs. a) Protein test b)Fasting blood glucose (FBG) c)Blood test
b)Fasting blood glucose (FBG) Glucose is a mejor source of energy for cells. The foods we eat, eg. pasta, fruits are turned in glucose. Our pancreas produces insulin which helps the cells use glucose. When we have low insulin or no insulin production, the glucose molecules are left in the blood. The FBG measures the level in the blood. Normal should be 70-110 mg/dl.
100
Macrovascular complications include which of the following? A. Diabetic retinopathy B. Nephropathy C. Cerebrovascular disease D. Dermopathy
What is C. Macrovascular diseases include cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. A, B, and D are all examples of microvascular complications.
100
This diabetes drug in the type biguanide decreases the rate of hepatic glucose production. A. Glucotrol B. Metformin C. Precose D. Avandia
What is B.
200
The nurse is evaluating a 45-year-old patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following symptoms reported by the patient is considered one of the classic clinical manifestations of diabetes? a. Excessive thirst b. Gradual weight gain c. Overwhelming fatigue d. Recurrent blurred vision
What is a. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria, (excessive urine output), and polyphagia (increased hunger).
200
A person with a body mass index (BMI) greater than this number is at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. A. 2 B. 4 C.16 D. 25
What is D. A person with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 is considered overweight. A BMI greater than 30 is considered obesity. Obesity is the number one predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
200
Used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and requires the patient to ingest glucose and samples are drawn for testing after 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes. a) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) b) Glucose test c) Glucogon
a)Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) This test requires the patient to fast about eight hrs. before the test. The patient then drinks 75g of glucose. Samples of blood are then taken at various intervals to determine if the glucose level is decreasing as is it should in a person with normal insulin production. If it is not then it is indicative of diabetes.
200
Autonomic neuropathy can effect which of the following? A. Hypoglycemic unawareness B. Bowel incontinence and diarrhea C. Urinary retention D. All the above
What is is D. Autonomic neuropathy includes all the above
200
Rapid and short-acting oral agents that has to be taken about 30 minutes before the meal and should not be taking if a meal is skipped. A. Thiazolidinediones B. Meglitinides C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors D. Sulfonylurea
What is B.
300
An 18 year old female client, 5’4” tall, weighing 113 kg, comes to the clinic for a nonhealing wound on her lower leg, which she has had for 2 weeks. Which disease process should the nurse suspect the client has developed? a. Type 1 diabetes b. Type 2 diabetes c. Gestational diabetes d. Acanthosis nigricans
What is b. Type 2 diabetes is a disorder usually occurring around the age of 40, but it is now being detected in children and young adults as a result of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Nonhealing wounds are a hallmark sign of type 2 diabetes. This client weights 248.6 pounds and is short.
300
What is a condition in which the cells of the body do not respond to the action of insulin? A. Insulin resistance B. Stubborn cells C. Worn-out pancreas D. Insulin deficient
What is A. As a result of high blood glucose levels, the pancreas starts producing large amounts of insulin. However, insulin receptors located in body tissues such as skeletal muscle, fat, and liver cells remain unresponsive to the presence of insulin, thus impeding the passage of glucose into the cell.
300
Indicates the amount of glucose linked to hemoglobin. a) Hemoglobin test b)Glycosylated hemoglobin or Hb A1C. c)Oral glucose test
b)Glycosylated hemoglobin or Hb A1C. This is how much glucose is attached to the hemoglobin in the blood. The more glucose attached to the blood the higher the A1C. A1C measures the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (eg. an A1c of 7% means that 7% of hemoglobin has glucose attached to it).
300
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the intensive care unit with HHNS coma. Which assessment data should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? A. Kussmaul's respirations B. Diarrhea and epigastric pain C. Dry mucous membranes D. Keytone breath odor
What is C. Dry mucous membranes are a result of the hyperglycemia and occur with both HHNS and DKA
300
Which of the following diabetes drugs acts by delaying absorption of glucose from GI tract? a. Sulfonylureas b. Meglitinides c. Biguanides d. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
What is D. Also known as “starch blockers”, these drugs work by slowing down the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine. Sides effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors: Gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
400
Which of the following patients would a nurse plan to teach how to prevent or delay the development of diabetes? a. A 62 year old obese white man b. An obese 50 year old Hispanic woman c. A child whose father has type 1 diabetes d. A 34 year old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes
What is d. Type 2 diabetes has a strong genetic influence, and offspring of parents who both have type diabetes have an increased chance of developing it.
400
What is the time frame recommended for daily physical activity as a preventing measurement against developing diabetes mellitus type 2? A. 15 minutes a day B. 30 minutes a day C. 45 minutes a day D. 60 minutes a day
What is B. Daily physical activity promotes weight loss resulting in decrease insulin resistant. Also, may help reduced triglycerides, LDL cholesterol levels, reduce blood pressure, and promotes venous blood return to the heart.
400
Enzymatic method used to estimate the amount of glucose in urine. a)Enzyme test b)Glucose studies c)Urine Studies
c)Urine studies Normally there is very little or no glucose in urine. When the blood sugar level is very high, as in uncontrolled diabetes, the sugar spills over into the urine. This test measure the amount of glucose in the urine by a dipstick and checking for changes in color.
400
What is the most common cause of diabetic-related deaths? A. HHS B. DKA C. Angiopathy D. None of the above
What is C. Angiopathy (damage to blood vessels) is one of the leading causes of diabetes-related deaths, with about 65% of deaths due to cardiovascular disease and stroke
400
What type of oral agents stimulate the pancreas to produce and release more insulin? A. Meglitinedes B. Biguanides C. Sulfonylurea drugs D. Thiazolidinediones
What is C.
500
The two major problems underlying type 2 diabetes are: a. Insulin resistance and obesity b. Obesity and hypertension c. Insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion d. Hypertension and decreased insulin secretion
What is b. Some of the problems associated with type 2 diabetes, such as obesity and hypertension, worsen insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction.
500
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include all of the following except: a. Advanced age b. Obesity c. Smoking d. Physical inactivity
What is C. Additional risk factors for type 2 diabetes are a family history of diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, history of gestational diabetes, and race/ethnicity. African-Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans are at greater risk of developing diabetes than whites.
500
Measure the amount of acetone excreted in urine as result of incomplete fat metabolism a)The purpose of measuring Ketones b)The purpose of measuring Red blood cells c)The purpose of measuring the amount of fat
a)The purpuse of measuring Ketones If your body cannot use glucose properly, as in type II diabetes, fat is broken down for energy and the body makes substances called ketones. These are passed in the urine. Large amounts of ketones in the urine may mean a very serious condition, diabetic ketoacidosis.
500
Clinical symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis include which of the following? A. Signs of dehydration B. Kussmaul respirations C. Abdominal pain D. All of the above
What is d. Assessment findings include polyuria, nausea and vomiting, Kussmaul respirations, fever, Polydispsia, abdominal pain, CNS depression, and signs of dehydration (poor skin tugur, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension)
500
What drugs make your body tissues more sensitive to insulin and keep your liver from overproducing glucose? A. Thiazolidinediones B. Sulfonylurea C. Meglitinides D. Biguanides
What is A.
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