Carbs
This monosaccharide is the primary fuel used by all cells.
What is glucose?
Describe the structure of a triglyceride.
3 fatty acid chains attatched to a glycerol backbone
What is a lipoprotein?
What is a lipid coated with protein that transports fats in the blood?
This is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins.
What is containing all 9 essential amino acids vs missing one or more?
This plant-based diet prohibits consumption of all animal products.
What is vegan?
What is the form of stored glucose called, and what is created when it's stored?
Bonus: 100 points for naming the amount of what is created with stored glucose.
Glycogen, water.
Bonus: 3g water per 1g glycogen
Saturated fat consumption should not exceed this percentage of total daily calories.
What is 7%?
Name the four classes of lipoproteins from largest to smallest.
What are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL?
This is the recommended protein intake per kilogram of body weight for adults.
What is 0.8g per kg/bw?
This group of food is the main protein source in plant-based diets.
What are legumes?
Distinguish between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides based on their structure and give one example of each.
What are 1 sugar (glucose), 2 sugars (sucrose), and 3+ sugars (starch/fiber/glycogen)?
What distinguishes saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats structurally?
What are no double bonds, one double bond, and two or more double bonds?
Which lipoprotein transports dietary triglycerides from the small intestine to peripheral tissues and the liver?
What are chylomicrons?
These are the 3 BCAAs.
What are leucine, isoleucine, and valine?
This modified vegetarian diet allows consumption of eggs and dairy.
What is lacto-ovo?
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?
Soluble fiber forms a gel and lowers cholesterol, whereas insoluble fiber aids with waste passage.
What is the difference between fats and oils?
What is fats are solid at room temperature, while oils are liquid.
This is the process in which HDL delivers cholesterol back to the liver.
What is reverse cholesterol transport?
This is the enzyme that has increased activity with leucine.
What is mTOR?
What compound, found in large fish, harms brain development and cognitive function?
What is mercury?
Name at least 2 properties of fructose in the body.
Bonus: 100 points for each extra property named
What is elevated uric acid, increased blood triglycerides, not regulated by insulin, and lower thermic effect?
The conversion of excess glucose in the bloodstream into glycerol is an example of this cellular process.
What is de novo lipogenesis? Lipogenesis works too.
This is the group of hormones that increase HSL activity.
Bonus: 100 points for naming 2 effects of these hormones. 200 points for all 3.
What are catecholamines?
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and fat breakdown.
What property of BCAAs differentiate them from the other essential amino acids?
They go to skeletal muscle first, instead of the liver.
This compound found in soy products exerts estrogen-like effects.
What are isoflavones?