Diffusion
In the lab, what happened inside the artificial cell
the clear solution turned a blue/black color
What is a hypertonic solution?
a solution with a higher solute concentration / lower water concentration than the reference solution
What is the reason for performing fermentation?
To make ATP without the use of oxygen.
Where does transcription take place?
the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells
Where does translation take place?
the ribosome
What factors can influence the ability of a molecule to diffuse through a membrane?
size, concentration gradient
What happens to the amount of cytoplasm in an onion cell when bathed in salt water?
The amount of cytoplasm decreases.
Aside from ATP, what is made by yeast performing fermentation?
alcohol and CO2
What are the base pairing rules for transcription?
A-U
T-A
C-G
G-C
What is read during translation, and in what direction with respect to 3' and 5'
the mRNA is read from its 5' end to its 3' end
The membrane will allow some molecules to pass through, while not allowing other molecules to pass through
When you eat salty popcorn, why does this make you thirsty?
The salt removes water from the cells in the mouth. The dehydration of these body cells produces the desire to drink water to refill the cells.
In our lab, what was inflating the balloon?
CO2 gas given off as a byproduct of fermentation.
What happens to the transcript after it is complete?
What is the start codon and what does it code for?
AUG, methionine
the outside water will be blue/black, while the inside of the cell will be amber to clear
Pure water is hypotonic to cells, so water would enter body cells, causing them to swell and perhaps burst / upsetting water balance homeostasis.
Sugar generated the most CO2 per minute, followed by the sugar substitutes, and there was no gas generated by the control group.
If the mRNA is: 5' C G A U U A U A G 3', what amino acids will be added to the protein and in what order?
only Arginine and Leucine, in that order, as the third codon is a stop codon, which does not code for an amino acid
How would you go about testing the surrounding solution for glucose? Did the surrounding water contain glucose at the end of our experiment? Was glucose able to diffuse through the membrane?
Use either a glucose testing strip or Benedict's solution.
Yes, the surrounding water contained glucose because glucose diffused through the membrane
Is the movement of salt due to a salt concentration gradient an example of osmosis?
No, osmosis only refers to the diffusion of water.
What process is shared by both aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation in yeast ? (hint: this process generates a net two ATP molecules)
glycolysis
Describe transcription, including the direction (3' and 5') with respect to the DNA and RNA
The template strand of the DNA is read in the 3' to 5' direction, and the mRNA is built from the 5' to the 3' direction.
Example:
DNA template: 3' A - T - G -5'
mRNA: 5' U - A - C 3'
If the mRNA is: 3' UCA CCC ACC 5', what amino acids will be added to the protein and in what order?
Proline, Proline, Threonine in that order