Cardiac Processes/Pulmonary Circuit
what is this phase of the cardiac cycle? cardiac muscle relaxes allowing the filling of both atria with blood. In this phase, the tricuspid and mitral valves open and ventricles start to fill with blood, beginning a new cycle
diastole
an active mechanical process by which air enters the lungs
inhalation
fragments of cells involved in blood clotting (blood coagulation)
platelets
a short tube communicated with the mouth and the esophagus that contains the epiglottis (a flap)
pharynx
masses of cells composed of internal fibers and lymphocytes. These structures are involved in the destruction of microorganisms contained in the clear fluid that passes through the lymphatic system, as they produce lymphocytes and monocytes. small, oval shaped organs
lymph nodes
human blood circulation is _____.
a mechanism of transport through the membrane that occurs between alveoli and blood capillaries when gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) move from the highest to the lowest concentration area
simple diffusion
name the three general blood cell types
red blood cells, white blood cells, & platelets / plasma
elimination of substances that cannot be absorbed through the faeces.
egestion
a liquid composed of blood plasma and interstitial fluid that circulates through the lymphatic vessels. ____ is moved primarily thanks to the contractions of the skeletal muscles
lymph
which cardiac circuit carries out simple diffusion?
pulmonary circuit
a process by which oxygen in the air is transported from the alveoli to the blood capillaries, and carbon dioxide produced by cells is moved from the blood capillaries to the alveoli
gas exchange
what are the smaller vessels arteries branch into?
arterioles
the type of digestive enzyme used to break down potatoes
amylase
a metabolic process by which cells obtain energy from the oxidation of energy-providing nutrients
cellular respiration
what type of veins return deoxygenated blood from the cells to right atria in the systemic circuit
cava veins
a mechanical process by which air enters and leaves the lungs thanks to the contraction and relaxation of the intercostal, abdominal and diaphragm muscles
pulmonary ventilation
name at least 3 components blood is composed of
water, nutrients, hormones, ions and waste products
where chyle is formed
duodenum
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
arteries
what is the first step of the pulmonary circuit?
Cava veins (superior and inferior) collect deoxygenated blood from all the cells and take it to the right atria
which of the following symptoms is more commonly associated with COVID-19 than with the common cold?
sore throat
a protein that transports oxygen to cells
haemoglobin
what is gastric acid made of
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
From which chamber of the heart does blood leave to go to the lungs
right ventricle