Non infectious
What classifies a disease as non infectious?
When it does not spread person to person, not being contagious
What are they caused by?
Pathogens
What is a pathogen?
a microorganism that causes disease
What does the first line of defence do?
It creates a barrier so pathogens can't enter the body
What is herd immunity?
When the majority of the population is vaccinated, therefore those who aren't vaccinated in the community are safe by proxy.
What is the primary difference between a non-infectious disease and an infectious disease?
Non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens and cannot spread from person to person. Non infectious diseases are caused by genetics, environment, or lifestyle factors.
How do you prevent an infectious disease?
Vaccinations, practicing hygiene
What are 4 types of Pathogen?
Virus, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, protozoa, prions
What makes up the immune system?
The first, second and third line of defence
What is a vaccine?
A dead or weakened version of a disease that can create immunity against that certain disease.
Where does non infectious disease come from?
Genetics, environment or nutrition.
Does infectious diseases have to be contagious?
no
What is a virus?
A virus is a non-cellular infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
What is the purpose of the immune system?
To protect the body from disease
How many people need to be vaccinated to create herd immunity?
Atleast 90% of the population needs to be vaccinated to create herd immunity.
How do you prevent a non infectious disease?
Balanced diet, exercising, limiting yourself from substances such as alcohol and tobbaco.
How do antibodies physically stop an infectious disease from spreading inside the body?
Antibodies bind to specific proteins on the surface of the pathogen, which blocks it from entering host cells and marks it for destruction by white blood cells.
Why do viruses require a host cell to reproduce?
Viruses lack ribosomes and the metabolic machinery required to synthesize proteins or replicate their own genetic material independently.
Identify which of the following is not apart of the immune systems first line of defence
A) Skin
B) Saliva
C) Macrophages
D) Mucous membrane
C) Macrophages
How did vaccines originate?
Vaccines originated from cow pox as whoever gained cow pox was immune to smallpox
How does a non-infectious disease like Type 1 diabetes develop in the body?
The immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, preventing the body from regulating blood sugar.
Why do some infectious diseases, like the flu, require a new vaccine every year while others only require one shot?
Some pathogens mutate rapidly, changing their surface proteins so quickly that the immune system no longer recognizes them, whereas more stable pathogens rarely change.
How do pathogens come about?
Through evolution and cross species jumps, evolving to bypass host immune defences
yes is slightly supressed during someones menstrual cycle
Although it varies on the disease, it is usually around 50-90% successful.