Diseases
Disease & Syndromes
Disease & Syndromes
Diseases
IV Solutions
100
* A metabolic disease marked by uric acid deposits in the joints. * Tophi are deposits of urate crystals that occur on the hands, knees, feet, forearms & the Achilles tendons in people with this disease.
What is acute gouty arthritis AKA Gout
100
* Mostly experienced after gastric bypass. * no fluids while eating, no high carbs, no lying down after eating
What is Dumping Syndrome
100
* Autoimmune disease that affects the brain & spinal cord. * Disease causes damage to the myelin sheath, the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. When this nerve covering is damaged, nerve impulses are slowed down or stopped.
What is Multiple Sclerosis
100
The opposite of Cushing's Disease is _________.
What is Addison's Disease.. 1) CUSHING'S DISEASE: an EXCESS in cortisol & aldosterone! * hypernatremia & hypokalemia! 2) ADDISON'S DIEASE: cortisol deficiency & aldosterone deficiency! * hyponatremia & hyperkalemia!
100
What type of solution is used to expand the blood volume. Example: Dextrose 5% in water (D5W); 0.9% sodium chloride (NS); Lactated Ringer's (LR)
What is isotonic solutions
200
* A common form of Hyperthyroidism. * Lab work will show increased T3-T4 & decreased TSH. * Hereditary & occurs in women. * Manifestations: heat intolerance, diarrhea, restless, exophthalmos, increased appetites despite weight loss, & diaphoresis.
What is Grave's Disease
200
* Excessive release of ADH. * Because there is too much ADH, the patient retains water creating a dilution hyponatremia. * Manifestations: water retention & HTN
What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
200
* Cushing's Disease is the medical cause of this syndrome. * Osteoporosis is a common complication resulting from chronic corticosteroid use.
What is Cushing's Syndrome
200
A condition that causes some areas of the body (toes, fingers, top of nose, & ears) to feel numb & cool in response to cold temperatures or stress.
What is Raynaud's Disease
200
What type of solution is used to pull fluid out of the cell causing the cells to shrink. Example: Dextrose 10% in water; Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride; Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers (D5LR)
What is hypertonic solution
300
* Patient's with this disease are at risk for aspiration. The nurse should prepare for the possibility of aspiration by having the suction at the bedside. * This disease causes fatigue of the muscles due to an autoimmune disease that affects the acetylcholine receptors that primarily affect the face & throat. * The THYMUS GLAND is ABNORMAL. * Hallmark sign of this disease is ptosis (dropping eye lid)
What is Myasthenia Gravis
300
* Caused by an infected tick bite. * Early manifestations: fever, influenza-like manifestations, Erythema migraines, & bulls-eye rash. * Late/Chronic manifestations: stiff, swollen, painful joints, double vision
What is Lyme Disease
300
What is the difference between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) & Guillian Barre Syndrome in terms of recovery.
MS & Guillian Barre Syndrome are autoimmune diseases that damage the myelin sheath of the nerves. The main differences between the two is that MS affects the CNS (brain & spinal cord), while Guillian Barre Syndrome affects the PNS. As such, since the PNS regenerates, most pts recover from Guillian-Barre; however, since the CNS doesn't regenerate, MS offers no hope of recovery.
300
* Causes Raynaud's Disease. * Chronic disease that can cause thickening, hardening, or tightening of the skin, blood vessels, & internal organs.
What is Scleroderma
300
What type of solution pulls fluid into the cells; therefore, increasing the size of the cell. Example: 0.45% Sodium Chloride
What is hypotonic solution
400
* Children with this disease have difficulty absorbing nutrients due to a blockage of pancreatic enzymes by thick mucus secretions in the pancreas, liver, & lungs. * Administering pancreatic enzymes (in granule or capsule form) before eating will enable children to metabolize nutrients so they can be used more effectively. * Nutrition: increase carbohydrates, salt, protein, & minerals in the children's diet to promote weight gain. * This disease causes fatty, foul, smelling, floating stools.
What is Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
400
* ASA therapy is contraindicated for children with viral illnesses due to increased risk of this syndrome. * Causes: hypoglycemia & a fatty liver with minimal inflammation & severe encephalopathy (swelling of the brain).
What is Reye's Syndrome
400
* A rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. * It is usually a reaction to a medication or an infection. * Can be developed after Dilantin (Phenytoin) administration. * What you need to be aware of as the nurse is the development of a rash which can progress to exfoliative dermatitis. * Often, this syndrome begins with flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters. * This syndrome also causes blindness.
What is Stevens Johnson's Syndrome
400
* A hormone deficiency caused by damage to the outer layer of the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex). The disease occurs when the adrenal glands don't produce enough of the hormone cortisol & the hormone aldosterone. (In other words: cortisol deficiency & aldosterone deficiency. Body loses sodium but reabsorbed potassium). * Hyponatremia & hyperkalemia!!!!!! * Characterized by bronze pigmentation, darkening, of exposed & unexposed skin areas. *Diet: high in salt, carbs & protein, & low in Potassium (example: American cheese & saltine crackers).
What is Addison's Disease
400
For hypovolemic shock, which IV solution should be given?
What is isotonic solution. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) or Lactated Ringer's (LR) is best recommended.
500
* Chronic autoimmune disease that develops when the immune system becomes hyperactive & attacks normal body tissue (organs, skin, joints, kidney, brain, heart, lungs, & blood). * Teach pt to monitor temp & report elevations promptly since fever could suggest either exacerbation or a potentially life-threatening infection. * Exercise is very important. * Factors that exacerbate this disease are pregnancy infection & sunlight. * This disease is associated with a butterfly rash across the bridge of the nose. * If pt is concerned about skin lesions on the face & neck teach them to clean, dry, & apply unscented lotion/moisturize after bathing the lesions with warm water (not hot).
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
500
* Chronic degenerative disease of the basal ganglia, substantial nigra, & corpus striatum of the brain associated with **too much acetylcholine & too little dopamine.** * Complications include: aspiration, emotional liability, impaired speech, self-care dependency. Of these, Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is the greatest risk since it could lead to aspiration or chocking. * Hand temors
What is Parkinson's Disease
500
* This disease is also known as active inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. * It is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves. * It is characterized by rapid onset of ascending weakness & paralysis. It typically begins with weakness and/or abnormal sensations of the legs. * Although many cases are mild, some pts are virtually paralyzed.
What is Guillian Barre Syndrome
500

* This disease is caused by long term use of glucocorticoids. * An EXCESS in cortisol & aldosterone!!!!! * hypernatremia & hypokalemia!!!!!! * Pt is immune suppressed. * This disease is associated with purple striae (streaks or stripes) on the chest & abdomen. *Osteoporosis is a common finding in pts with this disease. * Bones become thinner as a result of mineral loss secondary to long term glucocorticoid therapy.

What is Cushing's Disease

500
NEVER, EVER, EVER give this medication IV push!! Medication can be given as an oral tablet, oral liquid solution, or as an IV piggy back via pump but NEVER IV PUSH! When medication is given peripherally it is VERY painful. When medication is given centrally it is NOT painful.
What is Potassium Chloride (KCL)
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