Mouth, Lips, Cheeks
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?
Hard and soft palate: Dorsal
Mylohyoideus Muscles - ventral
Lips and cheeks - walls (lateral)
Rima oris - Rostral limit
Palatoglossal arch - Caudal limit
What type of papillae of the tongue are only seen in ruminants
Lenticular papillae
What salivary gland should be considered when performing an external surgical approach to the guttural pouch in horses and why?
The Parotid salivary gland because it partially overlays the wall of the guttural pouch
What is the predisposed site to oral plaque?
Supragingiva
In what species is a cleft left physiological?
Rabbits - Hare lip
What structure do ruminants have that prevent loss of food while chewing?
Backward pointing conical buccal papillae
What are the quadrants for deciduous teeth in dogs?
1: 304
2: 5, 6, 7, 8
What salivary gland is innervated by the Facial nerve and is of clinical importance due to the formation of ranula?
Mandibular salivary gland
-Ranula is when the gland undergoes cystic changes and may require removal
Actinomyces Bovis is a gram positive bacteria that can cause what disease when introduced to soft tissues via penetrating wounds often affecting bony structures of the head?
Lumpy Jaw
What is the first and most consistent sign of an FIV infection in a cat?
Gingivitis
Soft palate- lies over the epiglottic cartilage in horses
- normally lies over the epiglottis allowing continuous breathing
What age is this horse?
- All cups are gone
- Shows very clear dental star and enamel spot on I-1
8 years old
- cups start to leave at 6 years old and then every year after that until all cups are gone at year 8. The dental starts are clearly visible starting at 8 until all of them are clearly visible at 10 years.
The parotid gland is primarily what type of gland?
The mandibular gland is primarily what type of gland?
The sublingual gland is primarily what type of gland?
Parotid - Serous
Mandibular and sublingual are mixed
- E. Coli
- Streptococcus
- Staphylococcus
- Klebsiella
- Bartonella
A 10 year old cavalier King Charles Spaniel is anorexic, drooling, halitosis and grade 4/5 periodontal disease. You notice ulcerative, lymphocytic-plasmacytic lesions in his mouth. What is the most likely cause?
CUPS - Chronic Ulcerative paradental stomatitis
** Cause? **
What is the motor and sensory innervation to the palatine muscles?
Motor- Vagus Nerve - via pharyngeal plexus
and mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve to the tensor veli palatini muscles
Sensory - Major and minor palatine nerves by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
What muscle depresses and protrudes the tongue?
Genioglossus Muscle
What is the arterial supply to the head?
Aorta - brachiocephalic to left and right common carotid to internal and external carotid
Internal carotid- deep structures in head and brain
External carotid- main continuation supply either hald of the head - has terminating branches
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
A dog has a ruptured sublingual salivary duct that results in leakage and encapsulation of saliva by the connective tissue. What is this called?
Salivary mucocele
side bar- What can treat them?
A cow accidentally picks up a screw when grazing. It causes a puncture in the tongue that predisposes her to what opportunistic gram negative bacteria and what disease does it cause?
On cytology what should you see with the invasion of this bacteria?
Actinobacillus Lignieresii - wooden tongue Granulomatous glossitis
- Spendore- hoeppli phenomenon - granulomas surrounding the bacteria rimmed by eosinophilic clublike structures
Chronic inflammation and fibrosis cause the wooden tongue
What structure of the oral cavity in ruminants makes them prone to traumatic reticuloperitonitis and why?
Keratinized oral mucosa, slight kertatinization of the soft palate, and fully kertatinized lips, cheeks (buccal papillae) and hard palate
What nerves innervate the sensory and motor functions of the tongue? (Rostral and caudal tongue)
Rostral - Lingual (trigeminal branch) and facial nerve (which branches into chordi tympani) (sensory)
Caudal - Branches of glossopharyngeal nerve and Vagus nerve
Motor- Hypoglossal nerve branches
**Bonus for numbers**
What structures does saliva go through when secreted from the parotid gland?
Acini cells - secrete Na and H2O and bicarb (isotonic)
Intercalated duct- Na and Cl- reabsorbed in exchange for K, H ions and bicarb (hypotonic)
Striated duct - within the lobe
Intralobular ducts - within the lobe
Interlobular ducts - outside the lobe
Parotid duct
A french bulldog has proptosis, fever and pain and swelling of the maxillary facial region. Bloodwork shows an inflammatory leukogram. What is the most likely cause?
Abscess in the retrobulbar zygomatic gland - usually from migration of foreign bodies (grass blade)
Name three and the species and location they most commonly occur in.
Squamous cell carcinoma - aged cats tongue and gingiva (Dogs, horses, cattle)
Melanoma - dogs - palate and tonsils
Papilloma - young dogs or cattle - lips, cheeks, tongue, palate
Fibrosarcoma - Cat - maxilla, gums
Osteosarcoma - dogs - mandible/ maxilla