LIVER ANATOMY
what vessel carries nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver?
Portal vein
what is another name for fatty liver disease?
hepatic steatosis
focal fatty infiltration appears hyperechoic or hypoechoic?
hyperechoic
All of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except:
A. displacement of the hepatic vascular radicles
B. anterior displacement of the right kidney
C. external bulging of the liver capsule
posterior shift of the IVC
B. anterior displacement of the right kidney is FALSE
many fatty liver patients are symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic
what does SPI stand for?
sonography principles & instrumentation
the fibrous connective tissue covering the liver that contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
glisson's capsule
fatty liver causes the liver to appear more what on ultrasound?
echogenic/hyperechoic
focal fatty sparing appears hyperechoic or hypoechoic compared to fatty liver?
hypoechoic
what structure becomes difficult to visualize posteriorly in fatty liver?
diaphragm
what two liver enzymes are commonly elevated in fatty liver disease?
AST and ALT
increased frequency improves: penetration or resolution?
resolution
which lobe is located posteriorly between the IVC and ligamentum venosum?
caudate lobe
what happens to sound penetration in severe fatty liver?
increased attenuation / poor penetration
focal fatty changes commonly occur adjacent to what organ?
gallbladder
what happens to hepatic vessel wall visibility in diffuse fatty liver?
becomes poorly visualized
what metabolic disease is strongly associated with fatty liver?
diabetes mellitus
what happens to penetration when frequency increases?
decreases
Which method divides the liver into 8 functional segments?
A. Reidel's method
B. Hepatic confluence method
C. Counaud's classification
D. Glisson's divisions
C. caunaud's classification
what inflammatory condition can develop from fatty liver disease?
steatohepatitis
Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation: (name two)
fever, pain, elevated WBC
what term describes wakening of the sound beam with depth?
attenuation
hyperlipidemia
what artifact causes structures deep to fluid to appear brighter?
posterior acoustic enhancement
name the three structures found in the portal triad
portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
what chronic liver condition may develop after fibrosis?
cirrhosis
most common benign liver tumor:
A. cavernous hemangioma
B. Lipoma
C. Hepatocellular adenoma
D. Focal nodular hyperplasia
Cavernous hemangioma
what scanning adjustment may help improve penetration in fatty liver?
lower frequency transducer
what term means black tarry stool from digested blood?
melena
what controls the brightness of returning echoes on the image?
gain
the right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by:
right hepatic vein
what is the most common primary liver cancer?
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
a pediatric version of hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatoblastoma
Coarse heterogeneous liver texture, small right lobe, enlarged caudate, ascites may also be present: diagnosis?
cirrhosis
what term means decreasing circulating blood volume?
hypovalemia
what type of resolution improves the ability to distinguish two side-by-side structures?
lateral resolution