DNA Discovery
Fredrick Griffith used streptococcus pneumoniae in mice and discovered the process in which DNA from one strain of bacteria could genetically pass to another strain
Transformation
DNA stands for
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
DNA replication is classified as what kind of replication
Semiconservative
a mutation is
any change in DNA
the three parts that make up a nucleotide are ?
A deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group
in 1952 she used X-ray crystallography to create a photograph of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
The monomer that makes up DNA is called a
nucleotide
Newly synthesized nucleotides are added to the free OH group which is on the _ end of the DNA strand
3' end
What two types of cells can mutations occur in?
somatic and germline (haploid and diploid)
the bonds between nitrogenous bases are
weak hydrogen bonds
in 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed experiments using ________
bacteriophages
the rule that states the abundance of purines = the abundance of pyrimidines
Chargaff's rule
What enzyme unzips and unwinds DNA ?
Helicase
what kind of mutation does not effect the protein?
Silent mutation
The final phosphodiester linkage between fragments is catalyzed by
DNA ligase
In 1953, these men proposed that DNA is made of two chains of nucleotides held together by nitrogenous bases.
Watson and Crick
in DNA, what is the complementary base pairs
A=T
C=G
DNA polymerase binds to what at the start of DNA replication
a RNA primer
A _____results from the gain, loss or substitution of a single nucleotide.
point mutation
Polymerase chain reaction is a technology that allows us to
produce many copies of DNA
Scientists had criteria for DNA to be accepted as the genetic material, name one of them
Be present in the cell nucleus and in chromosomes
Doubles in the cell cycle
Is twice as Abundant in diploid cell
Has same the pattern of transmission as its genetic information
list one of the four key features of DNA
It is a double-stranded helix of uniform diameter
It is right handed
It is antiparallel
Outer edges of nitrogenous bases are exposed in the major and minor grooves
Synthesis of the lagging strand occurs in small, discontinuous stretches that move away from the replication fork
Okazaki Fragments
There are two types of mutations, some are spontaneous, others are induced and are caused by
Mutagens
What was the name of the photograph Rosalind franklin produced
photo 51