DNA Structure
DNA Replication
RNA
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis 2
Mutations
100
What organelle is DNA found in?
Nucleus
100
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
A (nitrogenous) base, a sugar, and a phosphate.
100
What is the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
100
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
100
Translation takes place when the mRNA leaves the nucleus and heads to the __________.
Cytoplasm
100
What are substances that cause mutations called?
mutagens
200
Rosalind Franklin took Photo 51, discovering the shape of DNA. What is the shape of DNA called?
Double Helix
200
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dna-molecule-122373951-58694c055f9b586e02080af8.jpg)
What are the 4 nitrogen bases that are found in DNA? Full names, try your best with pronunciation.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
200
What are the 4 bases that are used for RNA? Use the full names, not the abbreviation or letter.
Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
200
Transcription, Translation
200
What is the monomer of a protein?
amino acid
200
When bases are inserted or deleted it causes a ___________. This causes the bases to move to the left or right depending on the type of mutation.
frameshift
300
What is the backbone of the DNA strand made up of? (2 molecules)
sugar and phosphate
300
The enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds
What is Helicase?
300
What is the long, single stranded sequence of RNA transcribed from DNA?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
300
In order to release the amino acid from tRNA, the ________ on the mRNA and the __________ on the tRNA must connect.
codons, anti-codons
300
During Transcription, what enzyme reads the DNA strand and converts it RNA?
RNA Polymerase
300
When an entire segment of a chromosome is removed, reversed, and re-inserted, what type of mutation is show?
inversion
400
The type of bond that holds bases together in the double helix.
Hydrogen Bonds
400
The enzyme that is used to make a copy of a DNA molecule.
What is DNA polymerase?
400
Which type of RNA transports an amino acid to the ribosome?
transfer RNA (tRNA)
400
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-680790233-5897f4fb5f9b5874eed4b5b2.jpg)
In translation the mRNA strand binds to the ribosome and brings in tRNA, what is the final product of translation?
protein (I.e., polypeptide)
400
Convert the following DNA sequence into mRNA.
TAC GGC CTA AAT TGC
AUG CCG GAU UUA ACG
400
When 2 chromosomes switch segments of their DNA between each other it is a type of ____ mutation.
translocation
500
When genetic material needs to be manipulated or moved it condenses into a chromosome. A chromosome is made up of _____ coiled around _____.
DNA, Histones
500
What do you end up with at the end of DNA replication?
2 Identical Daughter strands
500
This type of RNA helps form the ribosome and helps to develop the peptide bonds that hold together the polypeptides
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
500
explain how the three types of RNA helps develop a protein.
mRNA: brings the genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
tRNA: brings amino acids to the ribosome.
rRNA: helps keep the ribosome together and helps to develop the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together.
500
What are the 5 amino acids associated with the following DNA sequence?
TAC TGT AAA CTG ATT
AUG: Met - Start
ACA: Thr
UUU: Phe
GAC: Asp
UAA: STOP
500
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1167533800-4661243613304c548ed0275a4943fb30.jpg)
Describe what each mutation results in:
Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Silent: Different base(s), same protein
Missense: Different base(s), different protein
Nonsense: Early STOP codon