Vocab
What is a Restriction Enzyme?
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
What are biometrics?
The measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
What is Human DNA?
A unique code of over three billion base pairs that provides a genetic blueprint of an individual
How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of two individuals?
You could use restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis to match or compare DNA
What are PCR's?
Polymerase Chain Reaction which amplifies DNA.
How can biometrics verify and protect identity?
Because everyone is different, it uses any differences to protect people's identity
What does gel electrophoresis do?
Separates DNA fragments based on size and is used in RFLP analysis.
What are blunt ends?
When DNA is cut straight down.
What bacteria does EcoRI stand for?
E. Coli
What is Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)?
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
What are biometrics usually used for?
To get into phones, to get into secure areas, etc. (any reasonable answer)
How do restriction enzymes cut DNA?
It recognizes a specific sequence in the DNA and then cuts it there.
What are sticky ends?
Unbonded ends of DNA, allow us to insert other DNA fragments
What bacteria does HindIII stand for?
H. Influenzae
What is Agarose?
A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.
What do physical characteristics help confirm?
They help confirm and authenticate identity.
What do restriction enzymes do?
They recognize and cut DNA into specific sequences.
What role does DNA play in our identity?
Each person has a unique DNA sequence giving each of us our own unique look.
Where does EcoR1 cut?
gCUTaattc
What is Palindrome?
A sequence that reads the same backward and forwards.
What are the different types of biometrics? (name at least 3)
Personal identity, facial recognition, iris scan, fingerprint scanners, blood test, eye tracking, etc.
How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?
DNA is put in a gel, and because it is negatively charged, and it is pulled over to the positive side, and the smaller pieces move faster than the bigger pieces, and you use it to compare to other people’s DNA by seeing if the cut pieces match
What is the structure and function of DNA?
The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, shaped in a double helix or twisted ladder, the steps of the ladder are made by paired nitrogen A-T and C-G, and the sides of the ladder are alternating sugars and phosphates.
Where does HindIII cut?
aCUTagctt