DNA Structure & Function
RNA
Protein Synthesis
Vocab
Random
100
What is the genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins?
DNA
100
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
100
The overall roles of DNA and RNA are illustrated.
Which process is represented at Point 2?
Transcription
100
What is the term for regions of DNA that code for a particular protein/trait?
Genes
100
In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA found?
Nucleus
200
What is DNA replication?
The process of making an exact copy of a cell’s DNA
200
All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
200
The DNA sequence AATCG produces which mRNA sequence during transcription?
UUAGC
200
What structure are made of long chains of amino acids?
Proteins
200
What is the product of transcription? Product of translation?
Transcription: mRNA
Translation: protein
300
If a DNA molecule contains 30% adenine, what is the MOST likely percentage of thymine?
30%
300
Name three differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA: double stranded, deoxyribose sugar, uses thymine
RNA: single stranded, ribose sugar, uses uracil
300
The diagram shows a cellular process in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid gives rise to a single-stranded molecule of nucleic acid. What is the process below called?
DNA is transcribed into RNA.
300
What is the term for tightly coiled, condensed DNA?
Chromosomes
300
Where in the cell does transcription occur? Where does translation occur?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus.
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
400
A template strand of DNA is
T A G G C A T T G C A
What is the complementary DNA strand that is created from this template during replication?
A T C C G T A A C G T
400
Which of these is what DNA and RNA are?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
400
For which amino acid sequence does the RNA sequence UUAGCU code?
Leucine - Alanine
400
What is the term for a 3-nucleotide mRNA sequence that codes for an amino acid?
Codon
400
Explain how it would be possible to have a change in a single base of DNA, but have the protein NOT change and still be functional.
This is called a silent mutation, which are base substitutions that result in no change of the amino acid and therefore no change in the overall protein.
For example, if the codon AAA is altered to become AAG, the same amino acid – lysine – will be incorporated into the peptide chain.
500
Pair each term with the correct label:
1. Nitrogen base 2. Deoxyribose 3. Hydrogen Bond(s) 4. Phosphate Group 5. Nucleotide
1. Nitrogen base - C
2. Deoxyribose - B
3. Hydrogen Bond(s) - E
4. Phosphate Group - A
5. Nucleotide - D
500
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide? RNA?
DNA: phosphate group, nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar
RNA: phosphate group, nitrogen base, ribose sugar
500
Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence:
G G A A G C T T T
mRNA: C C U U C G A A A
Amino Acid Sequence: Pro Ser Lys
500
Genetically determined characteristics such as eye color, height, blood type, etc.
Traits
500
What is the central dogma?
DNA to RNA to protein