DNA FUNCTION
What is the function for DNA polymerase?
The function of DNA polymerase is to build new DNA strands by adding matching nucleotides during DNA replication. It also helps to proofread the DNA to fix mistakes
What is the first step for DNA replication?
The first step of DNA replication is when helicase unwinds and “unzips” the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
What is the definition for ligase
Ligase is an enzyme that joins pieces of DNA together during DNA replication.
What would happen if topoisomerase does not untwist the DNA
If topoisomerase did not work, the DNA would become too twisted and tangled as helicase unzipped it. This tension could slow down or stop DNA replication.
What does each adenine and what pairs with guanine
Thymine and cytosine
What is the function of helicase?
Helicase unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix during DNA replication. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands.
After primase what is the next step for DNA replication?
After primase adds the RNA primers, DNA polymerase attaches to the primers and begins adding complementary nucleotides to build the new DNA strands.
What is the lagging strand definition
The lagging strand is the DNA strand that is built in short pieces called Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.
What would happen to your DNA if DNA replication does not happen
If DNA replication does not happen, the cell cannot copy its DNA before it divides. This would result in new cells not having complete genetic information, which can cause them to die or not function properly.
If helicase stop working how would this affect DNA polymerase and ligase
If helicase stops working, the DNA strands cannot unzip, so there is no single-stranded template for replication. As a result, DNA polymerase cannot add new nucleotides, and ligase cannot join Okazaki fragments because they are never formed.
What is the function for primase?
Primase makes short RNA primers so DNA polymerase can start building a new DNA strand
what is the last step of DNA replication
The last step of DNA replication is when ligase seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, creating one complete DNA strand.
What is the definition for okazaki fragments
Okazaki fragments are short sections of DNA made on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
What if okazaki fragment does not allow the discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand,
If they did not allow discontinuous synthesis, the lagging strand could not be built properly because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in one direction. As a result, DNA replication would fail on that strand, leading to incomplete or faulty DNA.
Why is the lagging strand made in fragements
The lagging strand is made in fragments because DNA polymerase can only build DNA in one direction (5’ to 3’). Since the two DNA strands run in opposite directions, the lagging strand has to be built in short sections called Okazaki fragments as the DNA unwinds.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION FOR LIGASE?
Ligase joins together the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
It acts like a “glue” enzyme by sealing gaps in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA.
Before ligase joins Okazaki fragments what happens
Before ligase joins the Okazaki fragments, DNA polymerase removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.
What is the definition for topoisomerase
Topoisomerase is an enzyme that prevents DNA from becoming twisted or tangled during DNA replication.
What if RNA primer does not start DNA synthesis
If RNA primers are not made, DNA polymerase has no starting point to begin adding nucleotides. As a result, DNA replication cannot start on the new strand, and the DNA cannot be copied properly.
What would happen if DNA polymerase stopped working during replication
If DNA polymerase stopped working during replication, the new DNA strands could not be built because nucleotides would not be added. This would leave the DNA incomplete, preventing proper cell division and likely causing the cell to malfunction or die.
What is the function for topoisomerase?
Topoisomerase prevents DNA from twisting and tangling during replication.
It works by relieving tension ahead of the helicase as the DNA strand unwinds.
What is the last step for DNA replication
The final step of DNA replication is when ligase seals the remaining gaps and joins the Okazaki fragments together to make a complete, continuous DNA strand.
What is the definition of RNA primer
An RNA primer is a short strand of RNA that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin building a new DNA strand.
What would happen if the helicase does not break down the hydrogen bonds
if helicase does not break the hydrogen bonds, the DNA double helix will not unzip. Without the strands separating, DNA polymerase and the other enzymes cannot copy the DNA, so replication would not happen.
How do helicase, primase, and DNA polymerase work together during replication
Helicase unwinds and separates the DNA strands, and primase adds RNA primers to start replication. Then DNA polymerase builds new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the primers.