DNA/RNA Structure
DNA/RNA Structure & Function
Protein Synthesis I
Protein Synthesis II
Vocab
Mutations
100
This is what DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
A section of DNA that provides the code to build a protein
gene
100
Enzymes, which are made of proteins, usually end with what suffix?
-ase
100
Which process of protein synthesis comes first
transcription
100
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
DNA
100
Mutations change what
What is DNA?
200
What are the building blocks (monomers) that compose DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
200
What makes up the “sides” of the DNA ladder?
Alternating sugar and phosphate units
200
What type of RNA is made by transcription?
mRNA
200
What happens to the DNA strand after transcription is completed?
It zips back up
200
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
200
A mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
What is frameshift mutation?
300
A relatively weak bond that forms between the two nitrogen bases holding the two sides of the DNA molecule together.
Hydrogen Bond
300
What purpose does DNA serve in a cell?
Store and transmits genetic information
300
What type of RNA is involved in translation by bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome?
tRNA
300
Where does protein synthesis take place?
ribosome
300
A sequence of three nitrogen bases is called a _____ and is the code for one _____ which is the building block of proteins.
Codon
Amino Acid
300
This enzyme is used as a built in proofreading function
DNA Polymerase
400
The sugar found in DNA is______. The sugar found in RNA is ______________
deoxyribose, ribose
400
Identify the parts of the nucleotide
1 = phosphate
2 = sugar
3 = nitrogen base
400
What are ribosomes made of?
rRNA and proteins
400
The first mRNA codon is called the _____ codon and the last mRNA codon is called the _____ codon.
start-AUG
stop
400
direction of replication
5' to 3' direction
400
Identify two agents in the environment that can change DNA.
What is UV light or chemicals?
500
Name the three components of the nucleotides that compose DNA.
sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate
500
What about DNA, specifically, determines the specific proteins and traits found within each organism?
the order of bases
500
The purpose of mRNA is to carry the protein building instructions from ____ in the ____ to a ____ located in the _____.
1. DNA
2.Nucleus
3.Ribosome
4. Cytoplasm
500
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of forming a strand of RNA from a DNA template.
500
An enzyme that creates a short RNA primer for initiation of DNA replication.
RNA Primase
500
A mutation in which one nucleotide is a substituted for another.
Point mutation
600
What is the base pair rule for DNA and RNA?
DNA: A--T, C--G
RNA: A --U, C--G
600
In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around _______ proteins. The more tightly the DNA is wrapped, the _____ accessible it is for _______.
histone, less, transcription
600
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
600
What is the Central Dogma?
(name the 2 parts of protein synthesis and the biomolecules involved in the correct order)
Dna is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein
600
Identify the enzymes used in DNA replication and what they do
Helicase unwinds the DNA
primase tells DNA polymerase where to go
DNA polymerase builds a new complementary strand
ligase glues the Okazaki fragments
600
Name the three outcomes that could affect offspring due to mutations
die, not reproduce, or natural selection
700
List all 5 differences between RNA and DNA
1. Different Sugars (ribose vs deoxyribose)
2. RNA short strand- DNA long strand
3. DNA more susceptible to UV Damage
4. Uracil (RNA) vs Thymine (DNA)
5. RNA (Single stranded) DNA (Double Stranded)
700
Identify the three main types of RNA and and briefly describe what each does.
mRNA: takes message from DNA to ribosomes in order to provide the code to build a protein
tRNA: anticodons base pair match with codons on mRNA in order to build proteins with the proper amino acid sequence
rRNA: ribosomal RNA makes up ribosomes and helps to build proteins properly
700
Transcribe the following DNA strand:
TTC TAC TGG
AAG AUG ACC
700
What is this molecule called?
mRNA
700
DOUBLE:::
Explain pre-mRna and Identify the main events of RNA editing before it leaves the nucleus
*A 5' cap and poly-A tail are added to mRNA
*Introns are removed and exons are spliced together
700
A piece of 1 chromosome moves to a non homologous chromosome.
What is translocation?