Preparation
Priming
Elongation
Clean-Up
General
100
The process of cell division where DNA Replication Occurs
Interphase
100
True or false: DNA polymerase can initiate a polynucleotide strand
False
100
What are the names of the two templates?
Leading and lagging OR 3’-5’ and 5’-3’
100
At the end of DNA replication, what happens to the two new double stranded molecules?
They twist into double helices
100
The complementary base pairings that make up the DNA helix structure
Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
200
Proteins that work to ensure that the complementary strands do not pair together after separation
Single Stranded binding proteins
200
The temporary segment of RNA that is laid by RNA Primase in order to allow for the creation of a new strand
RNA primer
200
The direction in which the leading and lagging strands travel
in the 5’-3’ direction (leading), in the 3’-5’ direction (lagging)
200
The enzyme that works to remove the RNA primers from both existing strands. These primers are then replaced with the appropriate nucleotides by this enzyme.
DNA Polymerase I
200
Term for having one parent strand and one daughter strand present in a DNA molecule.
Semi-conservative
300
Enzyme that works to unwind the DNA double helix by manner of breaking the existing hydrogen bonds
DNA Helicase
300
RNA Primase bonds at the initiation point of which parent chain?
3’-5’ parent chain
300
What are the okazaki fragments?
A series of segments used by the lagging strand for DNA replication
300
The enzyme that travels along the DNA strand scanning and adjusting errors
DNA Polymerase II
300
The point of attachment between the two DNA strands after they have been disturbed
Replication Fork
400
Enzyme that works to relieve the tension or flatten the DNA strands
DNA Gyrase/ Topoisomerase
400
How does DNA polymerase III elongate the new strand of DNA?
Adds free deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates from cytoplasm
400
A polymerase molecule can work its way from the ______________ and synthesize a short segment of DNA
Replication bubble
400
The protein-DNA complex at each replication fork that carries out replication is often referred to as...
The Replication Machine
400
The structure created when two replication forks are close to one another
Replication Bubble
500
What is the replication origin?
The specific binding site for proteins on DNA
500
Where does DNA polymerase III get the energy to drive the condensation reaction that adds a nucleotide from the growing strand?
The energy produced from breaking the bond between the first and second phosphate.
500
Name 2 differences between the leading and lagging strand
Leading - DNA polymerase travels in 5’-3’ direction/can be read by DNA polymerase III, continuously adds nucleotides, goes towards replication fork. Lagging - cannot be read by DNA polymerase III, discontinuously synthesized in short fragments, goes away from replication fork.
500
Which enzyme works to join the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand together, creating a completely sealed DNA strand? What kind of bond binds them together?
DNA Ligase, by phosphodiester bonds.
500
Number of hydrogen bonds that exist between both Adenine and Thymine and Cytosine and Guanine
Adenine and thymine - 2 hydrogen bonds Guanine and Cytosine- 3 hydrogen bonds
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