Scientists
DNA / RNA Structure
Replication
Transcription and Translation
Mutation
100

Who proposed the double helix shape of DNA?

Watson and Crick
100
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleotide
100
Where does the process of replication take place?
in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
100
What is the first step of protein synthesis called?
Transcription
100
What are the two categories of Mutations?
Gene and Chromosomal Mutations
200
What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

He found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are equal.

200
What 3 parts make up a nucleotide?
Nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group
200
What is the role of the DNA helicase?

This enzyme splits the original DNA strand in two, starting the process of Replication.

200
Where does translation take place in the cell?
Cytoplasm / ribosomes


200
What are the 3 types of genetic mutations?
Substitutions, insertions and deletions
300
What was Rosalind Franklin known for?
She took the first photograph of DNA, X-Ray Diffraction
300
What are the 3 main differences between RNA and DNA?
1. RNA is single-stranded

2. RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine

3. RNA has a ribose sugar

300
Name the principle enzyme involved in DNA replication - this enzyme joins nucleotides to produce new strands and proofreads each new DNA strand
DNA Polymerase
300
Why is translation called protein synthesis?
final step on the way from DNA to protein. Protein synthesis - the making of proteins directed by a mRNA template
300

Where is the mutation in this sequence?

AUG TTT CGC ATC GTA

AUG TTT CGA TCG TA

The C has been deleted from the end of the 3rd codon in the original strand.
400
Who injected bacteriophage into cells to determine DNA, not proteins, hold our genetic information?
Hershey and Chase
400
Where in the DNA molecule does all of our genetic information reside?
Nitrogenous bases
400
Why do we need to go through replication?
our new cells need an exact copy of all our DNA
400
The tRNA has two parts to it, what are those parts?
anticodon and amino acid
400

Where is the mutation in this sequence?

AUG TTT CGC ATC GTA

AUG TTT CGC ATC CTA

The G in the last codon has been substituted with a C.
500
How were Griffith's and Avery's experiments related?
Griffith discovered (using mice) that there is a transforming factor and that it was a gene.

Avery continued Griffith's work and discovered the transforming factor was DNA.

500
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
500
What is the role of enzyme telomerase?
In rapidly dividing cells, such as stem cells, telomerase helps prevent genes from being damaged or lost during replication.
500
Why do we need translation?
amino acids are brought to ribosomes which bond together to make proteins.
500
Of the 3 mutations, which will likely have effects more often? and What are they called?
Insertions and deletions - FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS
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