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What is protein synthesis?
The creation of a protein from a gene.
What is the full name of tRNA?
Transfer RNA
What is the structure of RNA?
It is single stranded.
What does silent mutation do?
Silent mutations have no effect on amino acids — often found in noncoding regions of DNA.
E (exit) site is where tRNA sits before being released from the ribosome.
What are pyrimidines?
cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix.
What is the replication fork?
The replication fork is the site where DNA unwinds to expose bases.
What is mutation?
A change in a DNA sequence that affects the genetic information.
What are purines?
adenine (A) and guanine (G)
What type of RNA is mRNA?
type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
Which codon is the start codon?
AUG.
Where does translation occur?
In the ribosome.
If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transfer RNA base sequence is?
U-U-A.
How do nonsense mutations cause stop codons to form?
Nonsense mutations involve a base substitution that causes a stop codon to form somewhere in the mRNA.
What are missense mutations?
Missense mutations are substitutions by one amino acid for another in a protein.
Which codons are stop codons?
UAA, UAG and UGA.
In what direction does the RNA polymerase read the DNA.
3′-to-5′
What is the role of the A site?
A (amino acid) site binds with anticodon of charged tRNA.
What is the role of the P site?
P (polypeptide) site is where tRNA adds its amino acid to the growing chain.
What kind of replication does DNA go through?
Semi-conservative replication.
What does RNA polymerase do?
RNA polymerases catalyze synthesis of RNA from the DNA template.
What happens in the initiation phase of transcription?
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.