MUTATIONS
What are the three main types of small-scale (gene) point mutations?
Substitution, Insertion, and Deletion?
This term describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait, such as TT or tt.
What is homozygous?
What does the "D" and "NA" in DNA stand for?
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
This process produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
In this type of inheritance, neither allele is dominant, and heterozygous individuals show a completely blended phenotype, like a red flower and a white flower producing pink offspring.
What is incomplete dominance?
Where do point mutations occur in a genetic sequence?
What is at a single point/base in a DNA sequence?
In a standard monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Bb x Bb), this is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
What is 3:1?
What are the three chemical parts that make up a single DNA nucleotide?
What are a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
This is the number of daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis
What is four?
This type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are fully and separately expressed in the phenotype, such as a roan horse showing both red and white hairs.
What is codominance?
A mutation in which a single base change results in a premature (early) stop codon is called what?
What is a nonsense mutation?
This type of inheritance pattern occurs when neither allele is dominant, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two traits, such as a pink flower from red and white parents.
What is incomplete dominance?
What type of chemical bond holds the two complementary nitrogen base strands together down the middle of the double helix?
What are hydrogen bonds?
where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material—occurs during Prophase I of meiosis.
What is crossing over?
If a homozygous black chicken (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white chicken (WW) and they exhibit codominance, this is the percentage of their offspring that will be speckled black and white (BW).
What is 100%?
What type of mutation changes a single amino acid in a protein sequence
what is missense mutation?
If a mother has Type O blood and a father has Type AB blood, these are the only two possible blood types their children can inherit.
What are Type A and Type B?
What term describes the arrangement where one strand of DNA runs \(5' \to 3'\) and the opposite complementary strand runs \(3' \to 5'\)?
What is antiparallel?
Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells for growth and repair, whereas meiosis occurs in these specific types of cells to produce gametes
What are germ cells
Sickle cell anemia shows this type of inheritance pattern because individuals with one mutated allele produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin proteins.
What is codominance?
What type of chromosomal structure mutation happens when a segment of a chromosome is completely lost or missing?
What is a deletion?
When performing a dihybrid cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for both traits (RrYy x RrYy), this is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
What is 9:3:3:1?
If a sample of DNA contains 22% Adenine, what percentage of Guanine does it contain?
What is 28%?
if a human skin cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, this is the number of chromosomes each new daughter cell will contain.
What is 46 chromosomes?
A cross between two pink snapdragons (RW) results in this specific phenotypic ratio among the offspring.
What is 1 to 2 to 1?