MUTATIONS
What is a mutations?
Change in the genetic material of a cell.
What is Punnett Square?
Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
What is DNA Structure ?
A double helix, which resembles a twisted ladder.
what is Meiosis/Mitosis?
Two distinct types of cell division in eukaryotic organisms.
What is a Non-Mendel Traits?
Physical characteristics or genetic conditions that do not follow Gregor Mendel’s classical laws of inheritance
What causes DNA to mutate during normal cellular processes?
Replication errors or metabolic by-products.
The physical appearance trait of an organism?
Phenotype
In DNA, the nitrogenous base Adenine (A) always pairs with this base?
Thymine (T)
What process produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells?
Mitosis
In this type of inheritance, neither allele is dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype, like a red flower and white flower producing pink offspring?
Incomplete dominance
If a single extra base is added into a DNA sequence, What causes this type of mutation?
Insertion Mutation
Who is known as the " father of genetics"?
Gregor Mendel
In DNA, the nitrogenous base Cytosine (C) always pairs with this base?
Guanine (G)
How many total daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
This inheritance pattern occurs when both alleles are fully expressed at the same time, giving a speckled or roan appearance?
This type of point mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Nonsense Mutation
FF, AA,hH, and tt are all examples of this genetic makeup?
Genotypes
The overall 3D geometric shape of a DNA molecule, often described as a twisted ladder?
A Double Helix
During what phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle (equator) of the cell?
Metaphase
This term describes a trait that is controlled by three or more alternative forms of a single gene, though an individual only inherits two?
Multiple alleles
Insertion,Substitution and this third process make up the main point mutations?
Deletion
If one parent is (FF) and the other is (Ff), what are the only two possible genotypes of the children?
FF and Ff
Who the scientist formulated the rule stating that the amount of Adenine equals Thymine, and Guanine equals Cytosine in a DNA sample?
Erwin Chargaff
What are separates during Anaphase 2 of meiosis?
Sister Chromatids
A mile inherits his X-linked traits exclusively from this parent?
Mother