Documents I
Written to replace the Articles of Confederation
What is the Constitution?
Document that stated the problems the colonies had with the British (a list of grievances) and let countries from around the world to know that the colonies broke away from Great Britain
What is the Declaration of Independence?
An 1819 ruling that a state didn't have the power to tax a bank of the U.S. and that Congress did have power to create the bank under the "necessary and proper" and "supremacy" clauses
What is McCullogh v. Maryland
A 2010 decision that struck down FEC regulations that limited the amount of money groups/corporations could spend on political campaigns
What is Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission?
A 1995 case that struck down federal law regulating possession of firearms around schools
What is United States v. Lopez?
Checks and balances system that separates the government into branches in order to prevent one to have more control over the others.
What is Federalist No. 51?
Hamilton disagrees to a system of multiple executive figures because a singled executive is better than multiple when it comes to acting quickly
What is Federalist No. 70
A 1963 case where the ruling was that the 6th Amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases requires state courts in all felony cases to provide attorneys for defendants who can't afford it
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
Established the principle of "one person, one vote," ruling that legislative districts with dramatically different populations violated the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment
1962: school-led prayer was a violation of the 1st Amendment
What is Engel v. Vitale?
It was the first attempt at a new government. It was later decided that it had a weak national government
What is the Articles of Confederation?
Argued for the independence of the judiciary and giving them judicial review to allow them to judge/strike down laws passed by Congress that are unconstitutional
What is Federalist No. 78?
1954 court case that struck down segregation in public schools, saying "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"
What is Brown v. the Board of Education for Topeka, Kansas?
1972: parents couldn't be required to send their children to school after 8th grade
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
1973 ruling that women's rights to terminate a pregnancy by abortion is protected by right to privacy implicit in the Constitution (overturned)
What is Roe v. Wade?
Madison afraid the "mischiefs of faction" will be controlled by the power of a large republic. It is this reason that a republic where power was broken up between the national and state governments was born.
What is Federalist No. 10
A statement of the principles of nonviolent civil disobedience; wrote that everyone had an obligation to follow just laws, but an equal obligation to break unjust laws using the 14th Amendment
What is a Letter from the Birmingham Jail?
SCOTUS declared part of a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional; helped establish the court was an equal player in a system of checks and balances
What is Marbury v. Madison?
1971: the SCOTUS said the government can't prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers
What is The New York Times v. The United States?
1919 ruling that says some speech is not protected by the 1st Amendment if there is a "clear and present danger"
What is Schenck v. United States?
Anti-federalists' belief that the Constitution gives too much power to the government. They wanted to replace the system with a representative democracy that produces elites who can lead as well as intelligent enough to represent the people.
What is BRUTUS I?
2010: ruling that the 14th Amendment makes 2nd Amendment right to keep and bear arms applicable to the states
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
A 1969 ruling which stated wearing an armband in a public school was protected by the 1st Amendment as a form of symbolic speech
What is Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District?
1993 case that held congressional districts created to help elect racial minorities violate white plaintiffs' equal protection of the laws under the 14th Amendment
What is Shaw v. Reno?