This model, developed in Duluth, MN, shows 8 tactics abusers use, with physical and sexual violence around the outer rim.
What is Power and Control Wheel?
Growing up seeing or experiencing violence at home increases the risk of repeating it. Experts call this pattern this "transmission."
What is Intergenerational Transmission (The Cycle of Abuse)?
In California, courts often order this 52-week program for people convicted of DV.
What is a Batterers' Intervention Program (BIP)?
A personalized plan that covers where to go, what to pack, and who to call in an emergency.
What is a safety plan?
In the Cycle of Violence, this phase follows an abusive incident. It is marked by apologies, gifts, and promises it will never happen again.
What is the Honeymoon Phase? (Reconciliation)
Alcohol and drugs can make abuse more frequent or severe, but they are considered this, not the cause.
What is a risk factor (or contributing factor)?
This common class is not recommended as a substitute for DV treatment, because abuse is a choice about control, not a problem with anger.
What is anger management?
The first and most powerful thing to say to a survivor is this simple phrase.
What is "I believe you" (or "it's not your fault")?
Controlling money, taking someone's paycheck, or preventing them from working is this part of the wheel.
What is Economic Abuse?
According to the Duluth Model, DV isn't about losing your temper. It's about gaining this.
What is Power and Control?
Most experts advise against this type of therapy while abuse is ongoing, because the victim may not be safe to speak openly.
What is couples counseling?
Call 1-800-799-7233 or text START to 88788 to reach this.
What is the National Domestic Violence Hotline?
Research shows this is the most dangerous time for a survivor, which is why safety planning matters so much.
What is when they are leaving (or have just left) the relationship?