Gymnosperm vs. Angiosperms
this group of plants, whose name translates to "naked seed,' produces seeds on corners rather than inside fruits.
What are Gymnosperms?
This angiosperm class features parallel leaf veins and flower parts usually arranged in multiples of three.
What is a Monocot?
These plants complete their entire life cycle—from seed to seed—in a single growing season.
What are Annuals?
The plant life cycle alternates between a haploid ($1n$) phase and a diploid ($2n$) phase, a process called "alternation of..." this.
Answer: What are generations?
Mosses and liverworts belong to this non-vascular plant group that lacks true roots or stems.
What are Bryophytes?
making up over 80% of living plant species, this group produces flowers and encloses seeds inside fruits.
Dicot seeds are named for having this exact number of embryonic seed leaves.
What is two?
Oak trees, lavender, and roses belong to this category of plants that live for more than two years
What are Perennials?
In vascular plants, this dominant, multicellular phase is diploid ($2n$).
What is the Sporophyte?
Ferns and horsetails belong to this group that has vascular tissue for water transport but produces no seeds.
What are Seedless Vascular Plants?
Pines, spruces and first belong to this most common and widespread group of Gymnosperms.
What are Conifers?
Monocots usually have fibrous roots, whereas dicots typically develop this deep main root system
What is a taproot?
Carrots and onions are examples of this plant type that grows leaves in year one and blooms in year two.
Answer: What are Biennials?
Sporophytes produce haploid spores through this specific type of cell division.
What is meiosis?
This specific plant tissue acts as the internal plumbing system that transports water and minerals up from roots.
What is Xylem?
Unique to angiosperms, this process uses two sperm cells: one fertilizes the egg, and the other forms the nutrient-rich endosperm.
What is double fertilization?
Dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a neat ring, while monocot stem cross-sections show vascular bundles in this arrangement.
What is scattered?
Unlike woody perennials, this specific group of perennials dies back to the ground every winter and regrows in spring from rootstock.
What are Herbaceous perennials?
This multicellular haploid ($1n$) phase creates gametes (sperm and egg) using mitosis.
What is the Gametophyte?
While xylem moves water, this vascular tissue distributes sugars made during photosynthesis throughout the plant.
What is Phloem?
This "living fossil" is the only surviving species of its gymnosperm division, famous for fan-shaped leaves and smelly seeds without fruit.
What is Ginkgo biloba
While grasses and palms are monocots, modern botanists place true dicots like oaks and roses into this updated clade name.
What are Eudicots?
This term describes plants (like all annuals and the century-plant agave) that flower once in their life and then die
What is Monocarpic?
Non-vascular plants like mosses are unique because this generation is the dominant, green plant you see.
What is the Gametophyte phase?
Botannically speaking, a mature, ripened angiosperm ovary containing seeds is classified as this.
What is a Fruit?