Triage Challenge
Arboviral Antagonists
Helminths & Hemoflagellates
Neurological & Encephaletic Threats
Picture ID
100
Along with young children under 5, this specific adult population must be prioritized first for immediate Plasmodium falciparum RDTs and empirical therapy due to high risk of rapid progression
Who are pregnant women?
100
The daytime-biting mosquito vector responsible for transmitting Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever
What is Aedes aegypti (or Aedes albopictus)?
100
The single-day oral antihelminthic medication of choice recommended by the WHO for mass drug administration against Schistosomiasis
What is Praziquantel?
100
The classic physical exam finding characterized by prominent, painless enlargement of the posterior cervical lymph nodes in Stage 1 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
What is Winterbottom's sign?
100
Identify the pathogen and life-cycle form shown on this Giemsa-stained blood smear
What is Plasmodium falciparum (ring-form trophozoites)?
200
The immediate, life-saving clinical intervention recommended by WHO protocols for a child presenting with profuse "rice-water" diarrhea and severe volume depletion from Vibrio cholerae
What is rapid rehydration therapy with Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) or IV fluids?
200
The mandatory first-line analgesic choice for acute viral fevers in co-endemic regions before Dengue can be ruled out
What is Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)?
200
The free-swimming larval stage released from freshwater snails that actively penetrates intact human skin to cause Schistosomiasis.
What are cercariae?
200
Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes breeding in flooded rice fields, this viral encephalopathy produces classic Parkinsonian features such as mask-like facies and cogwheel rigidity.
What is Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)?
200
Name the parasite responsible for this classic "leopard skin" dermatologic manifestation seen on the anterior shins
What is Onchocerca volvulus (River Blindness)?
300
The WHO-recommended public health strategy implemented in high-density refugee settings to ensure TB treatment compliance and prevent drug resistance
What is DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course)?
300
The main clinical hallmark that distinguishes chronic Chikungunya virus infection from acute Dengue infection
What is chronic, relapsing polyarthralgia / tenosynovitis?
300
The non-flagellated intracellular stage of Leishmania visualized inside host macrophages on Giemsa-stained tissue biopsies
What are amastigotes?
300
The daytime-biting vector responsible for transmitting Human African Trypanosomiasis in riverine forest habitats
What is the Tsetse fly (Glossina)?
300
Name the pathognomonic ultrasound finding demonstrated in this male scrotal examination showing live, thrashing adult worms
What is the "Filarial dance sign" (Lymphatic Filariasis / Wuchereria bancrofti)?
400
The automated nucleic acid amplification assay prioritized over standard sputum smear microscopy for rapid detection of M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance
What is the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay?
400
The primary pathophysiologic mechanism driving a sudden rise in hematocrit and narrow pulse pressure during the Critical Phase of Dengue
What is endothelial dysfunction leading to capillary plasma leakage?
400
The underlying organ pathology responsible for progressive megaesophagus and megacolon in chronic Chagas disease
What is parasitic destruction of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus?
400
The stage of Human African Trypanosomiasis marked by diurnal sleep inversion, gait ataxia, and behavioral changes after parasites cross the blood-brain barrier.
What is Stage 2 (Meningo-encephalitic phase)?
400
Identify the physical exam sign shown here and its associated causative parasite
What is Romaña's sign (Trypanosoma cruzi / Chagas disease)?
500
Environmental vector management relies on this geographical variable because high elevations introduce temperature cutoffs that limit Anopheles mosquito survival and parasite replication
What is altitude (or altitude cutoffs)?
500
The structural viral element whose high conservation across flaviviruses leads to Original Antigenic Sin and cross-reactive false positives on IgM ELISA assays.
What is the Envelope (E) protein?
500
The acute Phase 2 systemic hypersensitivity reaction occurring 2–8 weeks post-exposure to Schistosoma, characterized by fever, cough, urticaria, and eosinophilia.
What is Katayama fever?
500
The organoarsenic compound historically required to treat Stage 2 CNS infection with acute Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
What is Melarsoprol?
500
A 30-year-old agricultural worker in South Asia presents with prolonged irregular fever, progressive weight loss, pancytopenia, and dark skin discoloration. Physical examination reveals the marked abdominal distension shown above with massive organomegaly extending past the midline. Name this condition and its vector
What is Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar), transmitted by the female Sandfly (Phlebotomus)?