Words
captive + -ate => captivate.
What did the <e> at the end of "captive" not get re-written in captivate? What is the rule?
XC for naming the rule
Drop the final -e when:
single, final e
add a vowel suffix.
Find the appositive phrase in the sentence below:
"After the school year was over, Mr. Keeney, our favorite English teacher of all time, retired from the profession that he had worked in for 45 years."
XC, What "part of speech" (or grammatical function) is this appositive? [Hint: What question does it answer?]
, our favorite English teacher of all time,
XC: Who: noun phrase--renaming "Mr. Keeney."
What 3 things make a hero?
Special skills (can be physical, mental, psychological)
Accomplish great deeds
Works for others/the greater good
In POETRY (not punctuation), what is an apostrophe?
A direct address to an inanimate object or absent person.
"O wild west wind, thou breath of autumn's being..."
"O Captain, my Captain..." (Written to Abraham Lincoln after his assassination.)
What are the three things an introductory paragraph should do?
1) Name the topic
2) frame its importance (to what you are reading or studying)
3) Make a specific, arguable, and central claim.
happy + -ly => happily
Why does the <y> change to an <i>?
XC: Name the rule
Y to I rule
ends in a single <y> (no ay, ey, etc.)
add ANY suffix (except one beginning in <i>)
Which phrase in the sentence below is an adverbial clause? [Hint: Look for phrases that answer "when, where, why, or how."]
"After the school year was over, Mr. Keeney, our favorite English teacher of all time, retired from the profession that he had worked in for 45 years."
"After the school year was over,"
What is the difference between the origins of the epic hero and the tragic hero?
XC for examples from literature (or real life.)
An epic hero typically starts at the bottom, either as an orphan or an outcast in his/her society.
A tragic hero begins with power, honor, and respect.
Example: Spiderman starts as a teenager from a poor/ middle-class family but manages to save the world.
Benedict Arnold was the greatest general in the Revolutionary War (after Washington, of course), but turned traitor and began fighting for the British. Eventually, he was caught and hung for treason by the American Patriots.
What is an oxymoron?
A phrase that seems to contradict itself.
"a deafening silence" or "darkness visible"
Which kind of rhetorical appeal is this?
"The children of immigrants are being ripped from their families, sent to inhumane and unsanitary jails, and threatened with deportation.
Pathos--we are supposed to feel sorry for these kids.
hoping
hopping
Explain the rules governing each of these spellings.
What can you deduce about what the base of each is?
hope + -ing => drop final -e
hop + ing => double final <p>
--doubling rule or 1-1-1 rule (1 vowel, 1 consonant at end of base or stem, + 1 vowel at beginning of suffix.
What clause in the sentence below is a relative clause?
"After the school year was over, Mr. Keeney, our favorite English teacher of all time, retired from the profession that he had worked in for 45 years."
[Hint: who, that, which]
XC: Is this restrictive or non-restrictive?
that he had worked in for 45 years.
non-restrictive [the phrase does not make "the profession" any smaller or more specific.]
What is the moment of greatest confrontation with evil or danger that the epic hero encounters?
The climax
What is a paradox?
Two statements that both seem true but contradict each other.
This barber shaves everyone in town who doesn't shave themselves. Who shaves the barber?
God can be seen everywhere. We can never truly see God.
What kind of rhetorical appeal is this?
According to US immigration law, children may not be unnecessarily be separated from their parents. They also have the right to due process of law, meaning they must have a hearing before they can be deported, and they must have contact with their parents and legal counsel.
logos -- logic, reason, facts
The base of "usual" is a FREE base.
What is it?
us/e + u + al => usual
xc: Why does the <e> not get re-written into the final spelling.
Below are two noun clauses. Which is restrictive and which a non-restrictive clause?
"A dog that is bred to hunt birds is called a "bird dog," which is a funny term for a dog, if you think about it."
"A dog that is bred to hunt birds (restricts "dog" to only those dogs who hunt birds.)
a "bird dog," which is a funny term for a dog
(Non-restrictive only adds new information about the term "bird dog." Doesn't not restrict "bird dogs" to only those with a funny term for them.)
What name is given to the downturn of fortune that the tragic hero undergoes?
"peripeteia"
personification vs. anthropomorphism
Example: "The wind whispered in the trees"
vs. The donkey in Shrek.
personification is describing something non-human as having human qualities.
anthropomorphism is developing a non-human as fully human, as a person or character.
What kind of rhetorical appeal is this?
"We say we are a Christian nation, but Jesus said we must care for the weakest among us, shelter the refugee, and feed and clothe those in need. None of these is true of the way we are currently treating immigrants in this country. If we can't live up to the central teachings of Christ, we have no business calling ourselves "Christian.""
ethos, or ethics--commonly shared values.
<cess> is a bound base.
spell "[aloud]"
ne + cess + ary
Find the adverbial clause and name which word needs a comma after it.
Find the appositive and put commas around it.
"After the students took the Keystones the teacher a real meany made them do work anyway."
Introductory adverbial clause "After the students took the Keystones, [comma]
Appositive: ,a real meany,
What does the term "anagnorisis" mean in the tragic hero plot?
self-knowledge. an awareness that your own actions brought about your downfall.
When I say, "He has the heart of a lion," what do I expect you to do in order to understand this figure of speech.
You take characteristics of the lion (strong, regal, powerful...) and give those qualities to the person or thing being described:
He is strong, regal, and powerful. He is the "king" of his realm.
"Steph Curry drinks Cougar-ade Sports Drink before each game to improve his performance."
What makes this a weak argument?
(There are about 4 reasons.)
1) He might have been paid to do this. (self-interest, not objective.)
2) Does it really improve his performance? (no evidence--false cause and effect)
3) Just because Steph Curry does it doesn't make it effective. (celebrity/bandwagon technique)
4) Are there other equally or even more effective sports drinks available?