A & P
Another name for the Cricopharyngeus is the ________________ .
lower esophageal sphincter
pyloric sphincter
upper esophageal sphincter
diverticula
upper esophageal sphincter
Decreased oral transit time and premature spillage are two deficits that can occur during which phase?
Oral phase
Oral prep phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase
Oral phase
For what population would you most likely see test results for the GCS and RLAS?
TBI
Cerebral Palsy
Huntingtons Disease
MS
TBI
___________ information may be useful for guiding an examination, but needs to be confirmed with ______________ measures.
Subjective/Objective
Objective/Subjective
Instrumented/Objective
Diet/Liquid
Subjective/Objective
The Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor is divided into what two portions?
thyropharyngeus/hyopharyngeus
hyopharyngeus/stylopharyngeus
cricopharyngeus/salpingopharyngeus
thyropharyngeus/cricopharyngeus
thyropharyngeus/cricopharyngeus
In a healthy individual, a larger bolus (volume effects) can result in the simultaneous activity of which two phases?
Oral Prep + Oral
Pharyngeal + Esophageal
Oral + Pharyngeal
Anaphase + Prophase
Oral + Pharyngeal
Which is a characteristic that may be exhibited in a patient with dementia that may not always be attributed to a dysphagia diagnosis?
pharyngeal-stage dysfunction
reduced opening of the UES
unexplained weight loss
major or minor aspiration
unexplained weight loss
All of the following statements regarding clinical evaluations of swallowing are true except:
Separate from imaging studies
Is typically performed after an imaging study
May assist in confirming a diagnoses
Often synonymous with “bedside swallow evaluation”
Is typically performed after an imaging study
Which intrinsic muscle, which courses along the length of the tongue, can both elevate or deviate the tongue tip depending on how it contracts?
Inferior longitudinal muscle
Superior longitudinal muscle
Transverse muscle
Vertical muscle
Superior longitudinal muscle
All of the following occur during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing except _________ .
laryngeal elevation
elevation of the velum
contraction of the constrictors
opening of the lower esophageal sphincter
opening of the lower esophageal sphincter
Patients diagnosed with ________ may present with difficulty masticating or swallowing hard consistencies due to chronic myotonis, followed by muscle atrophy.
Muscular Dystrophy
Multiple Sclerosis
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Zenker’s Diverticulum
Muscular Dystrophy
Which of the following is not a component of a clincial eval?
Medical History
Physical inspection of swallowing musculature
Observation of swallowing competence with test swallows
The results of a MBS or FEES study
The results of a MBS or FEES study
What tx is being described? Pt. will hold breath comfortably before and during the swallow, followed by a volitional cough
Supraglottic swallow
Super supraglottic swallow
Mendelsohn Maneuver
Masako or tongue hold
Supraglottic swallow
Constriction of the ___________ helps improve the velopharyngeal seal and decrease nasal regurgitation.
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Salpingopharyngeus
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
What two phases of swallowing are involuntary?
Oral and oral prep
Pharyngeal and esophageal
Oral and pharyngeal
Oral and esophageal
Pharyngeal and esophageal
What two general considerations should you always take in to account when working with a patient diagnosed with hemispheric stroke?
Location/extent of damage
Functional consequences of damage
Both A & B
None of the above
Both A & B
During a physical examination you determine that after conducting basic test swallows with 4oz of material, your patient’s swallowing dynamics are fairly strong. What would be the next logical step in your evaluation?
increase bolus volume
review medical history
make them NPO
recommend instrumented assessment
increase bolus volume
What tx is being described? Pt. will hold larynx in an elevated position at the peak of hyolaryngeal elevation during swallow.
Super supraglottic swallow
Mendalsohn Manuever
Voluntary Breath Hold
Shaker or head lift exercise
Mendalsohn Manuever
All of the following muscles may either depress the mandible or raise the hyoid bone (depending on what structure is fixed) except the ________________.
Anterior Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Masseter
Masseter
In younger individuals, the pharyngeal phase is triggered when the bolus reaches the level of the ___________.
base of tongue
posterior molars
posterior faucial pillars
anterior faucial pillars
anterior faucial pillars
What is the difference between UMN and LMN damage?
UMN is flaccid weakness while LMN is spastic weakness
UMN is spastic weakness while LMN is flaccid weakness
UMN is ataxic weakness while LMN is flaccid weakness
None of the above
UMN is spastic weakness while LMN is flaccid weakness
Your patient states he decided to stop “drinking during meals”, but does not provide a reason why. His son mentions to you that his dad often coughs a lot when he drinks his morning coffee. From a dysphagia perspective, what might this be an example of?
cognitive decline
globus sensation
localized description
symptom accommodation
symptom accommodation