Substance Use & Addiction
What is the difference between physical dependence and addiction?
Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to a substance and experiences withdrawal when use stops. Addiction involves compulsive substance use despite negative consequences and impaired control.
What are the two primary categories of psychotic symptoms?
Delusions and hallucinations
What disorder involves persistent angry or irritable moods, argumentative behavior, defiance, and vindictiveness?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
What are the three personality disorder clusters?
Cluster A (odd-eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic-emotional), and Cluster C (anxious-fearful)
What medication, commonly known as Narcan, can reverse an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
What are the four major symptom categories of Substance Use Disorder?
Impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological
A client believes television broadcasts contain secret messages specifically directed at them. What type of delusion is this?
Referential delusion
What disorder involves sudden, intense, and disproportionate outbursts of aggression?
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)
What personality disorder involves instability in relationships, emotions, and self-image, along with fear of abandonment?
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
What are two common psychotherapy approaches used to treat addiction?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI)
What are the three levels of Substance Use Disorder severity?
Mild (2–3 symptoms), moderate (4–5 symptoms), and severe (6 or more symptoms)
What is the difference between a hallucination and an illusion?
A hallucination involves perceiving something that is not there, while an illusion involves misperceiving something that actually exists.
What are the four main symptom categories of Conduct Disorder?
Aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules.
What is the difference between OCD and OCPD?
OCD is generally ego-dystonic, meaning the person recognizes their obsessions or compulsions as unwanted/distressing. OCPD is generally ego-syntonic, meaning the person believes their rigid and perfectionistic behaviors are appropriate or correct.
What are the three major levels of addiction treatment?
Outpatient, intensive outpatient (IOP), and inpatient residential treatment
What are the six stages of the continuum of substance use?
No use, use, misuse, abuse, dependence, and addiction
What are the three time-based categories of psychotic disorders and their durations?
Brief psychotic disorder (1 day–1 month), schizophreniform disorder (1–6 months), and schizophrenia (6 months or longer)
What are the two disorders associated with repeated fire-setting and stealing, respectively, often preceded by tension and followed by relief?
Pyromania and Kleptomania
A patient desperately wants relationships but avoids social interactions because they fear rejection and criticism. What personality disorder is this?
Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)
What are the five main stages of change before and during behavior modification?
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
What is the biopsychosocial model of addiction?
A model explaining how biological, psychological, and social/environmental factors interact to contribute to addiction.
What disorder involves psychotic symptoms along with major mood episodes, but also requires at least two weeks of psychosis without a mood episode?
Schizoaffective disorder
What is the key difference between ODD and CD regarding aggression and rule-breaking?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder involves defiant, argumentative, and irritable behavior but does not include the pattern of serious aggression, property destruction, and theft characteristic of Conduct Disorder.
Name all four Cluster B personality disorders.
Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders
Why does harm reduction support individuals who are not ready or willing to stop using substances, and what is its ultimate goal?
Harm reduction recognizes that people deserve dignity, healthcare, and support regardless of whether they are ready to stop using substances. Its goal is to reduce negative consequences, prevent overdose and disease, save lives, and create pathways toward recovery.