Decibels
The normal whisper is between
What is 0-20 dB?
Complications of ottits media
What is hearing loss, middle ear problems, and infection of the mastoid process, temporal bone, or the intracranial structures.
tinnitus
Causes of otitis Media
What is bacteria such as streptococcus pneumonia, haemophillus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis
(It is more commonly diagnosed in the winter months)
the meaning of labyrinthitis, when does it occur
What is inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear, occurring as a sudden episode of vertigo that may last several days, and is often associated with hearing loss and tinnitus ?
What is bacterial or viral infection or an autoimmune disorder?
The condition that older adults suffer from
What is presbycusis, or degenerative changes that diminish hearing?
*Note The changes begin around age 50 years and may remain undetectable for a decade or so. The symptoms are caused by gradual loss of hair cells in the cochlea.
Normal conversation is approx
What is 60 dB?
The meaning of adhesive OM and causes
What is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by occlusion of the eustachian tube and adhesions in the middle ear because of abnormal healing of an infected middle ear.
What is Cholestaomoa( a mass with white keratin debris that may erode the surrounding tissue and the temporal bone, causing intracranial complications), genetic predisposition or be secondary to chronic OM.
Effusion related to OM can look like
What is serous(clear, watery), mucoid(thick and mucus-like), or purulent(pus like) fluid ?
This is caused by a callus that forms on one of the ossicles: the stapes bone.
What is Otosclerosis?
*Note inhibits cochlea, causing hearing loss
Hearing assessment in older adults: How are high frequency sounds and low frequency sounds are assessed?
What is using a ticking watch to assess high frequency loss and speaking vowel sounds to assess low frequency sounds ?
Considered to be mild hearing loss
What is sounds softer than 26-40 dB?
The thing that severe OM is associated with
What is mastoiditis, which is inflammation of the bone posterior to the auricle?
Patho of Ottitis Media
What is bacteria entering the nasopharynx easily entering the eustachian tube and the middle ear?
( In children are at highest risk for OM because their eustachian tubes are shorter, wider, and more horizontal in relation to the middle ear, which develops inflammation; an effusion accumulates behind the tympanic membrane.
Symptoms of Vestibular Schwannomas
How is Vestibular Schwannomas diagnosed
What is tinnitus, decreased hearing with loss of speech discrimination in the affected ear, loss of balance.
What is MRI?
*Note if symptoms interfere with activities of daily living, it can be removed with microsurgical techniques or with gamma knife radiosurgery
Who should patients consult if they are experiencing a hearing loss
Who is an audiologist, who can prescribe the patient with the correct type of hearing aid?
Considered to be moderate hearing loss
What is 41-55 dB?
Treatment for OM
What is antibiotics for children at high risk, usually those younger than 2 years old, should be given judiciously.
What is no antibiotics for older children, but 1-3 day followup?
What is supportive therapy, such as analgesics, antipyretics, and localized heat, wheter or not antibiotics are prescribed?
Clinical manifestations of Otitis Media
What is earache, fever, hearing loss, in infants and toddlers, nonspecific symptoms may include ear tugging, poor feeding, night waking, and irritability
Older children and adults may have rhinorrhea, vomiting's and diarrhea. Pain will increase as an effusion accumulates behind the tympanic membrane. Tympanic membrane rupture is possible because of too much pressure behind the membrane.
The meaning of vestibular schwannomas and its signficance
What is acoustic neuromas, are benign tumors that develop from the Schwann cells that surroundCN VIII
The occupation and activities with high risk of Noise injury
What is working in agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, construction, manufacturing, mining, engineering, music industry(musicians, Djs), Military?
This is considered severe hearing loss
Profound hearing loss
What is softer than 60-90 dB? What is sounds softer than 90 dB?
When is tympanotomy used vs a tympanostomy
What is excessive accumulation of fluid?
Tympanotomy ( an incision in the tympanic membrane to promote drainage that has accumulated behind it. this procedure also helps to relieve pain, prevent further hearing loss, and prevent spontaneous rupture of the tympanic membrane, which can lead to scarring.
What is to maintain an opening for release of discharge? (tympanostomy purpose)
The meaning of otitis media with effusion
What is ottitis media with effusion occurs when there is an intact tympanic membrane with an accumulation of fluidin the middle ear, without signs and symptoms of an infection. People with OM with effusion do not have a fever or other manifestations of an OM infection.
( A hearing evaluation may be required if the effusion persists longer than 6 months. A hearing loss of 20 dB or greater may require tympanostomy with tube placement)
Medicine for Labyrinthitis
What is meclizine (antivert) an antihistamine is commonly used to reduce the sensation of vertigo produced by the vestibular system of the inner ear?
Two test for hearing and ways to assess
What is weber test and what is Romberg test?
Romberg test is when the patient has eyes closed and begins to sway or fall, the test is positive if swaying happens. this can result in cerebellar dysfunction, impaired vestibular function caused by damage to CN VIII, or damage to the membranous labyrinth