Greek Culture
What year was the first Olympic Games held?
776 BCE
Myth stories were used to explain what?
History, nature, and to teach important lessons.
Having no comforts.
In 621 BCE, Draco instituted Athen's first written laws. Today "Draconian" means what?
Draconian means "cruel" or "severe".
"Lawfulness makes all things well ordered and fitted and often puts chains on the unjust."
-Solon
Considered the first examples of Western literature.
The Illiad and The Odyssey
The Phoenician alphabet
The enslaved people of the Peloponnesus were called what? By what ratio did they outnumber the Spartans?
Helots. 4 Helots to 1 Spartan.
In 594 BCE, Solon made many reforms to Athenian law. How did he address the poverty crises?
Solon canceled all debts and freed the people enslaved due to debt.
In 600 BCE, what did many Athenian farmers do to resolve their debt?
Sold themselves into slavery.
The first Olympic Games were dedicated to what god and his battle with who?
Zeus and his battle with his father Kronos.
Hoplite. Between the ages of 18 and 20.
Sparta had 2 kings, 5 Ephors, Council of 28 Elders, and an Assembly.
What role did the Council of Elders serve?
They proposed laws. Civil and Criminal.
Solon's reforms allowed all male citizens to attend the assemblies. What did the assembly do?
Elect leaders, pass laws, and serve as juries.
False: Spartan women had more power and freedom than other Greek women.
What were the female Olympic Games called? Named in honor of what god?
Heraean Games, named in honor of Hera.
The Heraean Games included what events?
Athletic, equestrian, musical, and dramatic contests.
Spartan military training began at age 7. In preperation, what activities did they learn in school?
Wrestling, boxing, running, and gymnastics.
Aesop's Fables taught morals such as __ and __.
"Never give up" and "kindness is king"
Spartans claim descent from what group who invaded the Peloponnesus in around 1100 BCE?
The Dorians
Early Greek writing was developed to help keep record of what 3 things?
Trades, laws, and taxes.
How many letters did the Greek alphabet have? What were the first, second, third, and last letters?
24 letters. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omega.
Ideologically, Athens valued thought and ___; Sparta valued physcial strength and pride in the ___.
Athens: thought and discussion
Sparta: physical strength and pride in the military
During Persian King Daruis' invasion of Greece, what Spartan centered alliance would help defend Greece?
The Peloponnesian League.
(T/F) In Athens, even slaves were educated.
True: Slaves were educated, some even becoming doctors and teachers.