Native Texas
This culture lived in far West Texas, farmed with irrigation, and built permanent homes out of adobe (mud brick).
What is the Puebloan culture?
In 1519, this Spanish explorer became the first European to map the Texas coast.
Who is Pineda?
A Spanish cowboy whose skills shaped Texas ranching traditionswas referred to as a ______.
What is a vaquero?
In 1810, this priest's speech, the “Grito de Dolores,” began the Mexican War of Independence.
Who is Father Miguel Hidalgo?
Empresarios brought ______ to Texas in exchange for land grants.
What are settlers?
This group came to spread Catholicism and claim land, building missions and presidios.
Who are the Spanish?
The Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache belonged to this culture that hunted buffalo, rode horses, and lived in tipis.
What is the Plains culture?
Pineda's map proved that Texas was NOT this.
What is an island?
These religious communities were built by Spain with the goal of converting Native Americans to Catholicism.
What are missions?
Mexico won its independence from Spain in this year.
What is 1821?
Known as the “Father of Texas,” he brought 300 families to Texas.
Who is Stephen F. Austin?
Cheap land and economic opportunity drew this group to Texas.
Who are Anglo-American settlers?
The Caddo of East Texas were part of this culture known for farming corn, beans, and squash, building mounds, and strong trade networks.
What is the Southeastern culture?
Shipwrecked near the Texas coast, he lived among Native Americans for years and wrote about Texas geography and cultures.
Who is Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca?
What was protecting missions and settlers? (Presidios were military forts)
Fought south of San Antonio in 1813, this was one of the bloodiest battles in Texas history, and independence supporters were defeated by Spanish forces.
What is the Battle of Medina?
This Mexican empresario founded the town of Victoria.
Who is Martín De León?
Mexico moved toward ending this practice, but many Anglo settlers depended on it for their farms, which caused tension.
What is slavery?
The Karankawa lived along this coast, fishing and hunting and moving with the seasons to find food.
What is the Gulf Coast? (Gulf culture)
This Spanish friar helped establish the first East Texas mission, Mission San Francisco de los Tejas.
Who is Fray Damián Massanet?
Founded in 1718, this town grew into a center of Spanish religion, trade, and government in Texas.
What is San Antonio?
This 1824 document created a federal system that shared power between national and state governments, and it combined Texas with Coahuila into one state.
What is the Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824?
This empresario founded Gonzales.
Who is Green DeWitt?
This group passed colonization laws and allowed empresarios in order to grow Texas's population and strengthen its control.
Who are the Mexicans? (the Mexican government)
What is a nomadic lifestyle?
This French explorer tried to build a colony in Texas, which pushed Spain to work harder to settle the region.
Who is René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle?
This was one negative effect that missions had on Native Americans. (Multiple acceptable answers.)
What was: spread of disease, reduced populations, resistance to lifestyle, loss of traditional culture and beliefs.
These were TWO of three things the State Colonization Law of 1825 required of settlers.
(Any 2 are acceptable): What is: follow Mexican law, become Mexican citizens, and convert to Catholicism.
This Tejano political leader encouraged cooperation between Anglo settlers and Tejanos and supported the Constitution of 1824.
Who is Erasmo Seguín?
Name the group for EACH description (all THREE must be correct!):
(1) mission-based and military
(2) legal and population-focused
(3) farming and expansion-driven
Who are:
(1) Spanish settlers
(2) Mexican settlers
(3) Anglo settlers