What Is Inside Earth?
Which of Earth's layers is thickest and contains most of Earth's mass?
Mantle
What do we call melted rock formed in Earth's interior?
magma
What do we call a crack in Earth's crust along which movement can occur?
Fault
What is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces?
Weathering
What is the name for the slow, continual formation and destruction of rock and rock materials?
The Rock Cycle
The name for the movement of heat energy by flowing material
Convection
What is a long underwater mountain chain where plates move apart?
Mid-Ocean Ridge
What is the sinking of the edge of one plate below the edge of another?
Subduction
What is the dropping of eroded material in a new place?
Deposition
Which rocks form when heat and pressure inside Earth change one kind of rock into another?
Metamorphic rocks
List the four layers of earth in order of coolest to hottest.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What is the theory that huge pieces of Earth's solid crust move very slowly?
Plate Tectonics
What is the point of Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?
Epicenter
What is the movement of sediment called?
Erosion
Which type of rock is formed when molten rock cools and hardens?
Igneous
What pattern does a convection current flow in?
A circular pattern
Earth's lithosphere is made up of huge moving sections. What do we call these?
Plates
New crust forms at what type of plate boundary?
Divergent
Acid rain is a cause of what earth process?
Chemical weathering
What are the names of the time units we divide Earth's geologic history into? (all 3)
eons, eras, and periods
Earth's core is made up mostly of what materials?
The metals iron and nickel
Hot region of Earth's upper mantle that flows very slowly (spelling counts)
asthenosphere
At convergent plate boundaries, what do plates do?
Plates collide
How are mechanical weathering and chemical weathering different?
Answer must refer to chemical weathering's changing of a composition, and physical weathering physically breaking down rocks.
What is the best soil for growing plants, due to its drainage and nutrients?
Loam