Mountains
This mountain in the Himalayas is the highest point on Earth's surface above sea level.
Mount Everest
These mountains form when layers of rock bend into arches and troughs under pressure.
Fold mountains
This upward arch in folded rock layers resembles an upside-down bowl.
Anticline
This process wears away rock and moves sediment from one place to another.
Erosion
This term describes the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area.
Relief
This term describes the height of a mountain peak above mean sea level.
Elevation
This type of mountain forms when blocks of Earth's crust move along faults, creating steep cliffs and elevated blocks.
Fault-block mountains
This downward, trough-shaped fold in rock layers is the opposite of an anticline.
Syncline
This pile of broken rock collects at the base of a cliff as rocks fall and accumulate.
Talus
On a topographic map, contour lines that are very close together indicate this type of slope.
Steep slope
This is the world's longest and most extensive mountain system, stretching across the ocean floor.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
This large, flat area of elevated land is higher than the surrounding area and often has steep sides.
This type of landform forms when rock layers bend into a single step rather than a series of arches and troughs.
Monocline
This mixture of unsorted sediment is deposited directly by a glacier.
Till
A mountain peak rises 2,300 meters above sea level, while its base lies 200 meters below sea level. What is the mountain's actual height from base to peak?
2,500 meters
This mountain range in California has gentle western slopes and steep eastern cliffs, making it a classic example of this type of mountain
This type of landform forms when rock layers sink downward, sometimes because underground magma has moved away.
Basin
This process occurs when Earth's crust sinks or settles downward, creating features such as basins.
Subsidence
These ridges of rock and sediment are deposited by glaciers as they move or melt.
Moraines
This principle describes how Earth's crust balances the weight of rocks, water, and ice against the upward push of the mantle.
Isostasy
This geological process describes the origin and formation of mountains over time.
Orogeny
This isolated hill or mountain remains standing after surrounding rock has been worn away by erosion.
Monadnock
At this type of plate boundary, tectonic plates move apart, potentially creating rift valleys and new crust.
Divergent boundary
These narrow, steep-sided landforms—such as buttes, pinnacles, and fins—can remain after erosion wears away the surrounding rock.
Erosional remnants
An extinct underwater volcano that rises from the ocean floor but does not reach the ocean's surface is known by this name.
Seamount